tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48936218354545576102024-03-05T10:37:02.850-08:00Something SandKim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comBlogger55125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-40552565094471855452023-11-24T14:59:00.000-08:002023-11-24T14:59:58.066-08:00Forgotten women of Paleontology: Esther Richards Applin<p>In the 18th and 19th centuries women’s access to science was limited, and science was usually a ‘hobby’ for intelligent wealthy women. But at the beginning of 20th century, many universities started admitting women, with different motivations, including the lack of men following WWI and the Soviet Revolution. Later, the boom in the oil industry opened opportunities for women.
In 1920, E. T. Dumble, vice-president and general manager of the Rio Bravo Oil Company, put together a consortium agreement in Houston, which included his own company, the Texas Company, and Humble Oil Company. He hired Esther Applin née Richards, Alva Ellisor, and Hedwig Kniker to take charge of the company’s paleontological laboratory in Houston and solve the Gulf Coast stratigraphic problems. Macrofossils were too badly broken to be identifiable as to species, so Esther Applin turned her attention to the microfossils, especially foraminifera. It was the begining of the micropaleontological revolution. </p><p><a href="https://paleonerdish.wordpress.com/2021/09/10/forgotten-women-of-paleontology-esther-richards-applin/?fbclid=IwAR35IbR-UYl_cpS-SzVbiUE1BumK5JU3cAHfpCYp6j2nBGmuVIgWzKI7Lyo" target="_blank">Esther Richards </a>was born November 24, 1895, in in Newark, Ohio. She attended the University of California, Berkeley, and graduated with honors in paleontology in 1919. A year later, she moved to Houston to work for the Rio Bravo Oil company. In 1923, she married Paul L. Applin, a young geologist. In 1921, Esther presented a paper suggesting that microfossils could be use to stratigraphic correlation. Her study was ridiculed by Professor J.J. Galloway of the University of Texas, who stated: “Gentlemen, here is this chit of a girl, right out of college, telling us that we can use Foraminifera to determine the age of formation. Gentlemen, you know that it can’t be done.”</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcRb4wTR6B4zsH7_ZiFC_fhvdChG6-e9BcCcku2jNK_Mxty8TpkABXfAjIUStPLm5PajwXFLX05josL-_liD3HSQRAqRm8y9XexLjVqunblB0fVReK3-n4F7hKJ_BkXD6qRdgBnXy8FCs6wUYKXNF3xxVZDq0bcheFO8sujTGOKYP5yWAe4hqT8fZ1oLI/s345/220px-esther_applin_1944.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="220" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcRb4wTR6B4zsH7_ZiFC_fhvdChG6-e9BcCcku2jNK_Mxty8TpkABXfAjIUStPLm5PajwXFLX05josL-_liD3HSQRAqRm8y9XexLjVqunblB0fVReK3-n4F7hKJ_BkXD6qRdgBnXy8FCs6wUYKXNF3xxVZDq0bcheFO8sujTGOKYP5yWAe4hqT8fZ1oLI/w408-h640/220px-esther_applin_1944.jpg" width="408" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-40774513246236886902023-09-19T10:52:00.003-07:002023-09-19T10:52:57.599-07:00Rearranging collections <p>I took yesterday off from freelance, and finished transferring the vials of sand to the cabinet. Still very shoved in there and I need to have two more glass shelves cut. They are about 4 deep in some places which it makes it hard to appreciate all the different colors. But it is nice having them all together. I hate taking them out of the cute vintage wooden boxes, but they are now are not spread all the house. Everything has a more room to breath. I have my box-o-shells, looks like I love to have little collections in a box or a big bowl, doesn't it?
I had put the chair collections there but they would not all fit. So I switched it up. </p><p>I received a very large collection of samples from Elise Lattuca the other day. (Thank you for sharing) Can't wait to put them in appropriate vials. But I need to identify on the vials before doing it and that takes a little effort. I noticed how many unidentified sand I have when moving it around the other day. Shame on me! Will not happen again.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxJmpy2vLHVqZFrpC2ubRAScU8WWs8YkcBr3u2ZVMIKrVWLMGYl5XhyWpOyAFWxbztNL7DKy1vjAbBffe3gn8e9JNwVq_jmgAum50voFx766jGl8RS68sgkJWjtKw7b_tHLFc64SeQyafn0KYiFMeLToZX8dhP2WqYhd4aj7_vM_6-7CLxfwiUKpog3rk/s1152/IMG_3654.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="864" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxJmpy2vLHVqZFrpC2ubRAScU8WWs8YkcBr3u2ZVMIKrVWLMGYl5XhyWpOyAFWxbztNL7DKy1vjAbBffe3gn8e9JNwVq_jmgAum50voFx766jGl8RS68sgkJWjtKw7b_tHLFc64SeQyafn0KYiFMeLToZX8dhP2WqYhd4aj7_vM_6-7CLxfwiUKpog3rk/s600/IMG_3654.jpg" /> </a>Before<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxJmpy2vLHVqZFrpC2ubRAScU8WWs8YkcBr3u2ZVMIKrVWLMGYl5XhyWpOyAFWxbztNL7DKy1vjAbBffe3gn8e9JNwVq_jmgAum50voFx766jGl8RS68sgkJWjtKw7b_tHLFc64SeQyafn0KYiFMeLToZX8dhP2WqYhd4aj7_vM_6-7CLxfwiUKpog3rk/s1152/IMG_3654.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2173" data-original-width="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmMl3l2PCChQv63skIXE2wfTg5r4IPwL5uVeqwkISQv40UmlPZeV96hhX0viBHFSI408AKtzI_STAOnb8zUZIxHx5lB-w3-aukeDyW7ksCwAlcvZfR-5GyLLBL2zdWgnEEFy13x1gdMypdujduIz0BoKRDorEFNQ1jA5shbJkdGRcxfj1vxezVplLdr8I/s16000/sandboxes.jpg" /></a></div>
With chairs
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7g68fDe0Chpvkrnx4qs_jcCB6GbrQwb6r8TgfDx-NkyFVPG5kKR1ypVOF6WAZ3mwx0RgFq900aXjyfG2X2R1V8McGafzlQAw8LFHN6HtpugF0-9S2bC7xTwVDvJxxFU9xHKSO7bUHj1Z3oKr1ZLLoIjaWZ5eIEJxBwDykdgPAZ5YqmxTCVXz1h6uJPt8/s639/chairs.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="472" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7g68fDe0Chpvkrnx4qs_jcCB6GbrQwb6r8TgfDx-NkyFVPG5kKR1ypVOF6WAZ3mwx0RgFq900aXjyfG2X2R1V8McGafzlQAw8LFHN6HtpugF0-9S2bC7xTwVDvJxxFU9xHKSO7bUHj1Z3oKr1ZLLoIjaWZ5eIEJxBwDykdgPAZ5YqmxTCVXz1h6uJPt8/s600/chairs.jpg" /></a></div>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-8942482185393844532023-07-05T15:02:00.003-07:002023-07-05T15:02:35.234-07:00Safari time<p>Once again, I am so glad I have friends that travel. This time a good friend went on a safari. </p><p> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa" target="_blank">Johannesburg. South </a></p><p>Africa
<a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1432/" target="_blank">Okavango Delta</a>, Botswana
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN9YGCw-u-PrQmLs0Qf7YAOmwmxUE5qplE8i5YGvEtYjm5cluP8wgpOFhKHui3DEwVhCzrcAgPRIXBNENMYgdfCdHNJvJY0sJCwL25gJg-SGW3NcCfin1BFsi9B2OsJJyMHKIluyFlFhKldqWvZQSGTKh6PWBq9vDGUoq-TTM1ck9f5895uPM6dpp03uk/s1632/Screenshot%202023-07-05%20at%202.55.10%20PM.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1530" data-original-width="1632" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN9YGCw-u-PrQmLs0Qf7YAOmwmxUE5qplE8i5YGvEtYjm5cluP8wgpOFhKHui3DEwVhCzrcAgPRIXBNENMYgdfCdHNJvJY0sJCwL25gJg-SGW3NcCfin1BFsi9B2OsJJyMHKIluyFlFhKldqWvZQSGTKh6PWBq9vDGUoq-TTM1ck9f5895uPM6dpp03uk/s600/Screenshot%202023-07-05%20at%202.55.10%20PM.png" width="600" /></a></div>
<a href="https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/waterfalls/victoria-falls/" target="_blank">Victoria Falls</a>, Zambia
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL31U72KJDqF391mjwSXT5N8jIL28n-cOEPRJrNH6OmKLAPKT8i8RYAiNkMgRwUXLVIVsxTZIpx1wHzxuZvqYC1mZ0vp8yUP2X0n6PNkBcCKqpIHwtsmfxHGX5G2KrnMGIzE0VPFbwbojPfiuuCrIXa2pX3qOs6Q83GW35VpEPZF1LE7Cd543P84iTIpU/s1634/Screenshot%202023-07-05%20at%202.56.37%20PM.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1634" data-original-width="1452" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL31U72KJDqF391mjwSXT5N8jIL28n-cOEPRJrNH6OmKLAPKT8i8RYAiNkMgRwUXLVIVsxTZIpx1wHzxuZvqYC1mZ0vp8yUP2X0n6PNkBcCKqpIHwtsmfxHGX5G2KrnMGIzE0VPFbwbojPfiuuCrIXa2pX3qOs6Q83GW35VpEPZF1LE7Cd543P84iTIpU/s600/Screenshot%202023-07-05%20at%202.56.37%20PM.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAkdQ0qCb2_CT6KhhndTgU7sE7DWwdQCxM3JTeOys1_MQSl-BM8GONIT7sAebwV0EI3xXliKIPbUT9NqD5FscxmNoI9uPgR4bJ546wfNKF8vqEpxXAu8XLdErJr3FJdD5RuXyEdYpBzBLe9lcfuKi_lb6KNWLWu9sqB7CvKqvitvP1tQ1IjvUbyj6J2B8/s720/IMG_3505.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAkdQ0qCb2_CT6KhhndTgU7sE7DWwdQCxM3JTeOys1_MQSl-BM8GONIT7sAebwV0EI3xXliKIPbUT9NqD5FscxmNoI9uPgR4bJ546wfNKF8vqEpxXAu8XLdErJr3FJdD5RuXyEdYpBzBLe9lcfuKi_lb6KNWLWu9sqB7CvKqvitvP1tQ1IjvUbyj6J2B8/s600/IMG_3505.jpg" width="600" /></a></div>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-37339683425707323612023-06-20T17:47:00.005-07:002023-06-20T17:48:01.123-07:00Michigan<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhsun8Jy3piOpR6lHQctYLqjM3T6A6EWXUbjrvM_MVuFcK0Mt5A7Ed6OBAnlrPJYGBlOIyS_Y6gF-Lnh3ZmK52ZLj72E2wZ09z2zPYzlc6BsbtmppFVtG2R7RDAFs7mvbAKJBLtfGKNCMn-K73HPrhKDYynohPMs0ruq3O2aiXDUsSK2I9785Hwtayyd0/s1080/miCHIGAN.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="943" data-original-width="1080" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhsun8Jy3piOpR6lHQctYLqjM3T6A6EWXUbjrvM_MVuFcK0Mt5A7Ed6OBAnlrPJYGBlOIyS_Y6gF-Lnh3ZmK52ZLj72E2wZ09z2zPYzlc6BsbtmppFVtG2R7RDAFs7mvbAKJBLtfGKNCMn-K73HPrhKDYynohPMs0ruq3O2aiXDUsSK2I9785Hwtayyd0/s600/miCHIGAN.jpg" width="600" /> </a>I am glad I have friends that travel, otherwise, I would not have any new sand! </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Van's+Beach/@45.02227,-85.7624662,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4d4b31c52ebac6b1:0x6428ac5935f40b77!8m2!3d45.0222705!4d-85.7624662!16s%2Fg%2F11clwcbq15?entry=ttu" target="_blank">Van's Beach</a>, Leland Lake, Michigan</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVnbe-fcKL70WLhInnzRm0bbvAo_VT3kOfQZzCu7ziT80-mRVeqWWktgcwhg64hMCQMyvQGIYstgcr9VecNAkVbKotHhlh2Yn4j8YtA0K-A0aCPxLP0hrUv9x0PllmQk-bWTL389tuHPjhEIejXYwplbj-dTEkxaO-qTpiYwoDzoxkgM3R86_Rv2BAS_A/s1500/________IMG_4398.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1500" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVnbe-fcKL70WLhInnzRm0bbvAo_VT3kOfQZzCu7ziT80-mRVeqWWktgcwhg64hMCQMyvQGIYstgcr9VecNAkVbKotHhlh2Yn4j8YtA0K-A0aCPxLP0hrUv9x0PllmQk-bWTL389tuHPjhEIejXYwplbj-dTEkxaO-qTpiYwoDzoxkgM3R86_Rv2BAS_A/w640-h480/________IMG_4398.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://www.michigan.org/article/road-trip/echoes-edmund-fitzgerald" target="_blank">Whitefish Bay Lake Superior</a>, near the wreck of Edmonds Fitzgerald</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnr3R0ijnGmQo2HMKRj6g-hc2PO9X5gMQUfxfP2Ob6HHYyUCL-ktIa2KX9-TCxKa7jjke5xZ_t3PQPPXytHlX0csoZReAew9drCwaEY_jEFtAgVwfq5vywmFF_PaRyEF4o3l_Bm5eaklf0l5wFKoKe2ME_vgGVhj2dbkL7Hru7O28b8FPNkrIc4TBngjA/s2560/Whitefish_Point_beach.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="2560" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnr3R0ijnGmQo2HMKRj6g-hc2PO9X5gMQUfxfP2Ob6HHYyUCL-ktIa2KX9-TCxKa7jjke5xZ_t3PQPPXytHlX0csoZReAew9drCwaEY_jEFtAgVwfq5vywmFF_PaRyEF4o3l_Bm5eaklf0l5wFKoKe2ME_vgGVhj2dbkL7Hru7O28b8FPNkrIc4TBngjA/w640-h480/Whitefish_Point_beach.JPG" width="640" /></a></div> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="Mackinic Island, Lake Huron " target="_blank">Mackinac Island, Lake Huron</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdrW7hfM5yl_1rGwOAT-TwH51Y4stIM9nd4PtA9NCwZ8R5z41dyHN03cx4TpX0Lqzx3vh6aEXtAFXKNhraXFLXL8rKnYlaRgfrzRX-xsQ7WQawneKzFYESjG-u6FxQby9V3TJEhGFk8y-migbErwv5MI7GHCIplSQuWyJ47E-K4Igh0yoGw87FtBiV58M/s1066/mackinac.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1066" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdrW7hfM5yl_1rGwOAT-TwH51Y4stIM9nd4PtA9NCwZ8R5z41dyHN03cx4TpX0Lqzx3vh6aEXtAFXKNhraXFLXL8rKnYlaRgfrzRX-xsQ7WQawneKzFYESjG-u6FxQby9V3TJEhGFk8y-migbErwv5MI7GHCIplSQuWyJ47E-K4Igh0yoGw87FtBiV58M/w640-h480/mackinac.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-35775066812618450812023-06-20T14:16:00.001-07:002023-06-20T14:16:24.695-07:00Add a little mystery to your next getaway.<p><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/lists/18-beach-secrets?utm_medium=atlas-page&utm_source=facebook&fbclid=IwAR1xVxlk8PHmBMOuuP12JDYYi_WbXfgOIFQGW4-VmdY7jOj716x819bpQCM" target="_blank">18 Beautiful Beaches That Have Secrets</a>
<a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/ionas-beach" target="_blank"></a> </p><p><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/ionas-beach" target="_blank"><b>Iona's Beach</b></a> - Minnesota
<i> </i></p><p><i>When waves crash onto this section of beach, the rocks sing a song. </i></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/cemiterio-de-navios-the-ship-cemetery" target="_blank">Cemitério de Navios</a></b> (The Ship Cemetery) - Panguila, Angola
<i> </i></p><p><i>Abandoned ships along a deserted beach feel like the set of a post-apocalyptic thriller.</i> </p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/crosby-beach-blitz-rubble" target="_blank">Crosby Blitz Beach</a></b> - Waterloo, England
<i> </i></p><p><i>Much of what constituted mid-century Liverpool now litters a beach outside of town. </i></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/neptuni-akrar-neptunes-fields" target="_blank">Neptuni Åkrar</a></b> - Borgholm N, Sweden
<i> </i></p><p><i>An otherworldly, fossil-rich cobble beach holds Viking graves, cairns, and other remains.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/neskowin-ghost-forest" target="_blank">Neskowin Ghost Forest</a></b> - Neskowin, Oregon
<i> </i></p><p><i>The eerie remnants of an ancient forest were hidden under the sand for centuries.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/shell-beach-turtles" target="_blank">Shell Beach</a></b> - Guyana
<i> </i></p><p><i>A nesting ground for four of the world’s seven marine turtle species, most of which are endangered.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/praia-de-sao-paio" target="_blank">Praia de São Paio</a></b> - Labruge, Portugal
<i> </i></p><p><i>Iron Age runes and ruins hide in plain sight along this Portuguese beach. </i></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/nauset-beach" target="_blank">Nauset Beach</a></b> - Orleans, Massachusetts </p><p><i>Centuries-old hoofprints and wagon tracks reveal themselves after a good winter storm.
<b> </b></i></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/driftwood-beach" target="_blank">Driftwood Beach</a></b> - Jekyll Island, Georgia </p><p><i>Constant erosion has created a surreal landscape of bleached and preserved fallen trees. </i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-stromatolites-of-hamelin-pool-australia" target="_blank">The Stromatolites of Hamelin Pool</a></b> - Hamelin Pool, Australia
<i> </i></p><p><i>Living fossils in this remote Australian bay provide a glimpse of what Earth may have looked like 3.5 billion years ago.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-stromatolites-of-hamelin-pool-australia" target="_blank">Spiaggia Rosa</a></b> (Pink Beach) - La Maddalena, Italy
<i> </i></p><p><i>Crushed coral and crystals give the sand its signature coloration.</i> </p><p><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kauai-glass-beach" target="_blank"><b>Kauai Glass Beach</b></a> - Eleele, Hawaii
<i> </i></p><p><i>This industrial area was the dumping ground for massive amounts of trash, some of which washes up as tiny bits of sea glass. </i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/shell-beach" target="_blank">Shell Beach</a></b> - Francois Peron National Park, </p><p>Australia
<i>This Australian beach is composed of tiny shells.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/red-beach-at-mjelle" target="_blank">Red Beach at Mjelle</a></b> - Bodo, Norway
<i> </i></p><p><i>According to the locals, the sands of this secluded Norway beach are infused with gemstone particles.</i> </p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-tanks-of-flamenco-beach-culebra-puerto-rico" target="_blank">The Tanks of Flamenco Beach</a></b> - Culebra, Puerto Rico
<i> </i></p><p><i>Rusting, graffiti-covered tanks litter the beach of this island, once used by the U.S. military for target practice.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/punaluu-black-sand-beach" target="_blank">Punalu`u Black Sand Beach</a></b> - Hawaii
<i> </i></p><p><i>This black shoreline is made up of exploded lava particles.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/schoolhouse-beach" target="_blank">Schoolhouse Beach</a></b> - Washington Island, Wisconsin
<i> </i></p><p><i>This pebble beach is so beautiful that taking its rocks is against the law.</i>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-jade-coast-hisui-kaigan" target="_blank">The Jade Coast</a></b> - Itoigawa, Japan
<i> </i></p><p><i>You can still find treasures on the pebbly beaches of one of the world's oldest jade-producing areas.</i> </p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-47303024471483092022023-03-19T10:20:00.008-07:002023-03-19T11:26:56.433-07:00Once Upon a Wednesday<p>It’s an acronym for Once Upon a Wednesday. You can find awe any day, not only on the first day of the week, on special holidays, or weekends. Your next big awe-story might start Once Upon a Wednesday. </p><p>From <a href="https://ouaw.se/" target="_blank">Quaw</a>, <a href="https://ouaw.se/map-sand-origins/" target="_blank">Sand Origin</a></p><p>
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1BokbL2b4YU" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe> </p><p>It is funny, I would rather wear a <a href="https://www.etsy.com/shop/SunnyFineJewelry?ref=simple-shop-header-name&listing_id=1383215034" target="_blank">necklace with a beautiful rock</a> rather than a diamond. I give rock necklaces a lot for presents. I don't see the recipient wearing them so many they don't feel the same :) NOT a polished rock but a simple plain one!
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDhZFWHNoepTWNDzdeiCQ79FGeGPsW0Viy3u-JTDOAMQBLXKKW2RQG7c9ObMqxgUQh3HOTiAZrl-q5zGxRWUDa86ZXzQS69FhbzwxOwNd9TNTW9iX5jsW30pCenITv9pY8hPqXjGpaShVNJRvQnmCyx-CaRvG8IOtVhCHB-zwnnffw8fGUruBjsNOH/s1588/il_1588xN.2337525696_tad8.webp" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1208" data-original-width="1588" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDhZFWHNoepTWNDzdeiCQ79FGeGPsW0Viy3u-JTDOAMQBLXKKW2RQG7c9ObMqxgUQh3HOTiAZrl-q5zGxRWUDa86ZXzQS69FhbzwxOwNd9TNTW9iX5jsW30pCenITv9pY8hPqXjGpaShVNJRvQnmCyx-CaRvG8IOtVhCHB-zwnnffw8fGUruBjsNOH/s600/il_1588xN.2337525696_tad8.webp" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCGeabCQ1JojmO1jciHeCWVWYtgpysZlIOLbaMcR_AGSBtKybg0Bb9BsXEDr0ef57gXnDsOXiLl6kKoR3aRs0jhZOVAmV9S2z2QPWMq4PZBhs3t55rINVCdp_amIZ1Q8NHhBtcwTfumsqLgrfTGLnOIJaLk4QqXDvBR3LWtYBCQp1cz2QZzMzcRWS4/s1952/il_1588xN.4585810921_t73q.webp" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1952" data-original-width="1588" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCGeabCQ1JojmO1jciHeCWVWYtgpysZlIOLbaMcR_AGSBtKybg0Bb9BsXEDr0ef57gXnDsOXiLl6kKoR3aRs0jhZOVAmV9S2z2QPWMq4PZBhs3t55rINVCdp_amIZ1Q8NHhBtcwTfumsqLgrfTGLnOIJaLk4QqXDvBR3LWtYBCQp1cz2QZzMzcRWS4/s600/il_1588xN.4585810921_t73q.webp" /></a></div><p>
I love this. Jealous! </p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8wlRV6EBQgU" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p> <a href="https://magnifiedsand.com/" target="_blank">Explore the Hidden World of Sand</a> </p><p> I really want to get a microscope and macro lens for my phone.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiokm__1GBo540VUENZOjOuVn3hswR1wOPcAc0__6RhUgBYHtxbB8GO0JK47o_25BgysTbUqN9msL6DsOkURS7t8d8Nm6lJa0lfldUQcrw0ElXlPomSULRNKoaEb2ymQiLBIFd7XI7TMGx8fNZeC_Elq6aZnBIXQ86SInq8dmylzyZ_tBOKPdqouYMX/s789/Dream-Beach-Bali-Indonesia-sand-under-microscope-slider-magnified-copy.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="789" data-original-width="789" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiokm__1GBo540VUENZOjOuVn3hswR1wOPcAc0__6RhUgBYHtxbB8GO0JK47o_25BgysTbUqN9msL6DsOkURS7t8d8Nm6lJa0lfldUQcrw0ElXlPomSULRNKoaEb2ymQiLBIFd7XI7TMGx8fNZeC_Elq6aZnBIXQ86SInq8dmylzyZ_tBOKPdqouYMX/s600/Dream-Beach-Bali-Indonesia-sand-under-microscope-slider-magnified-copy.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgQoo7ohdwM81M2CKTk8pYS5Vs-Rfo8cnewj2__hjFTx_VvoJ1kUEtNm6lWZepzU63tmcZVbgf9g-e7Tkto5l7AUnlQUYDduUPLAwDX_QGLiDERwwidTap-tT9ixSXEOpv1C9RAaV9_-SOTlaRw9pRu6EYXaNxi1avt12AEW6O-5xAuTNzrGax7fv5/s793/Playa-de-Las-Conchas-Las-Graciosa-Canary-Islands-Spain-sand-grains-magnified-under-microscope-slider-magnified-square.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="793" data-original-width="793" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgQoo7ohdwM81M2CKTk8pYS5Vs-Rfo8cnewj2__hjFTx_VvoJ1kUEtNm6lWZepzU63tmcZVbgf9g-e7Tkto5l7AUnlQUYDduUPLAwDX_QGLiDERwwidTap-tT9ixSXEOpv1C9RAaV9_-SOTlaRw9pRu6EYXaNxi1avt12AEW6O-5xAuTNzrGax7fv5/s600/Playa-de-Las-Conchas-Las-Graciosa-Canary-Islands-Spain-sand-grains-magnified-under-microscope-slider-magnified-square.jpg" width="600" /> </a></div>
<a href="https://www.olympus-ims.com/en/insight/discovering-the-unseen-beauty-of-sand-under-a-digital-microscope/" target="_blank">Discovering the Unseen Beauty of Sand Under a Digital Microscope</a>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-2325278128479642332023-03-16T14:00:00.008-07:002023-03-18T06:19:31.162-07:00Something about my sand collecting<p>Kristina Kallur is asking <i><b>why do you collect sand</b></i> and I want to answer that. </p><p>My husband and I are great collectors. So it is no surprise that sand became an obsession.</p><p>It all started with this image from a magazine so many years ago. Small bottles of sand from around the world displayed in a single row on a small shelf. Instantly in love with the idea. The variety of subtle colors of the earth gave me a chill. <br /></p><p>I lived all over the world with my step dad working for an oil company and I soooo wish I had started collecting when I lived in Malta, Scotland, Majorca. But then I forgot about collecting sand until a couple of years ago and that image popped back in my head. I think I started when I was laid off from MSNBC, my job for 14 years. I was a little depressed and in my 50's. I am now 67 so I have been collecting for some years. This sounded like something to take my mind off of that blow, while I freelanced and traveled with a friend of mine as a her photographer assistant. It was a perfect time to start my collecting. I put the call out to my traveling friends to bring me back a surprise! Now I am a little possessed. I have not successfully achieved to build a wall full of sand but I have big plans.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe7oqHBOn9Q2W3m19mcbFyVRBc65OrnRw7Qlah2NWRXQB-QC5SX_BHDdUQL_X2t_NoBTttw2XNjTUkB-94a6o-WPUKck-jrLrrLIff0yiIwsbIp82Noyt0bbvI-0CRUykt8ipaZv-4LEvo/s1600/sand.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe7oqHBOn9Q2W3m19mcbFyVRBc65OrnRw7Qlah2NWRXQB-QC5SX_BHDdUQL_X2t_NoBTttw2XNjTUkB-94a6o-WPUKck-jrLrrLIff0yiIwsbIp82Noyt0bbvI-0CRUykt8ipaZv-4LEvo/w522-h640/sand.jpg" width="522" /> </a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;">I also love this display.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZdPbZrLSHYnUdRMOriBcC0NWEFdl3OlC7x1GylkNYpK_mZAXO7Cez3wwH0h1DzyP9AyDs4mQjsWNeuTJjYsTlbWZlebryeApsWAj0_vwHttIeK9J8vuflhtP6v_UrLDbL8p9aRHiBuN_W9rMYES-OJtCkt9CqrI0W1pT2s--5oCvDhQZh_EivvVO5/s814/387bb3e4f63779d00c5e27ec29e2d423.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="564" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZdPbZrLSHYnUdRMOriBcC0NWEFdl3OlC7x1GylkNYpK_mZAXO7Cez3wwH0h1DzyP9AyDs4mQjsWNeuTJjYsTlbWZlebryeApsWAj0_vwHttIeK9J8vuflhtP6v_UrLDbL8p9aRHiBuN_W9rMYES-OJtCkt9CqrI0W1pT2s--5oCvDhQZh_EivvVO5/w444-h640/387bb3e4f63779d00c5e27ec29e2d423.jpg" width="444" /></a></div></span></div><p>
I don't travel as much as I did in my youth, thankfully, I have friends who never forget my hobby! Just think of it as a cheap but well-loved birthday or Christmas gift!<br /></p><p>My husband and I recently took a road trip through new Mexico, Arizona and Utah and got some lovely samples! I think he was more excited than I was about the wonderful samples we had!<br /></p><p> <img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2323" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5wb1G4cWcYbOyDz3LUnKk3NUbNIx2SH_XOTv4w3Q2iX6464TZtZWKYnWDwFWQSZNB4jGG5xsOrvDcrO0MYU0USVrZsyy3XA9ex1inh6BPr7I_gT6Ctqm1_Ywt0967OPtfVItLkB0naLaNj-XRkGDDawu1Rvjv3lZRP0Puft4Z3jDzGfY8Fe8saAII" /> <br /></p>
<p>I purchased 8 Dram / 1 oz / 30 mL, Clear Glass Sample Storage Specimen Vial Container w/Black Screw on Caps for a consistent display. Mind you, these vials have become so much more expensive, I will need to rethink my display once I use up my present supply<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrZ6DCeazejfEKti19kWP38edDxHjb21WTeIfrmb620vsrntx0W8-gmY7j5IuzfhfPKYLOpCpCBY78Vwnmmrn98r3bNIeoaiceCfhFyobmw0_mL2DBnwlzOlVpgO2AmbUFox4PcHkm4vENdtkSk0DDNMuRXZ_XuVT13K4PZZ32YOKY92O7o6n0-S-A/s608/c957-4-2-lg__58957.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="608" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrZ6DCeazejfEKti19kWP38edDxHjb21WTeIfrmb620vsrntx0W8-gmY7j5IuzfhfPKYLOpCpCBY78Vwnmmrn98r3bNIeoaiceCfhFyobmw0_mL2DBnwlzOlVpgO2AmbUFox4PcHkm4vENdtkSk0DDNMuRXZ_XuVT13K4PZZ32YOKY92O7o6n0-S-A/s600/c957-4-2-lg__58957.jpg" width="600" /></a></p>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-8-rXw124DX6JzEHXr--bNcqsvacmWAWaQrwlBrgBZDsCr4jv7MOFxc42H3vWLebzb4SzuxSeWUH-GtVW4Quc4JfiyHKhNtICRfi2skeuROruRwCn-CgHmbFzi7IniPqa3F5lbRE2QJpxFMVszkyxkt4qjT41oj0oKVPPLjF2ijdIz6kTpQc366LV/s1396/sandboxes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1396" data-original-width="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-8-rXw124DX6JzEHXr--bNcqsvacmWAWaQrwlBrgBZDsCr4jv7MOFxc42H3vWLebzb4SzuxSeWUH-GtVW4Quc4JfiyHKhNtICRfi2skeuROruRwCn-CgHmbFzi7IniPqa3F5lbRE2QJpxFMVszkyxkt4qjT41oj0oKVPPLjF2ijdIz6kTpQc366LV/s16000/sandboxes.jpg" /></a><p>I also collect seedpods and feathers, rocks and shells.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ9PmUs0TV980sjw76ayBsd9Sb5t_hgNn0LrWsaphYd4U7qzPImMWeucNmZhT2jZDbQpka82vi_dQlyTv0VUFkrTJpXbvfz73RDDUnBVK8pWiC4ap_C3dWo6TDQ7YYhZmIs64atQ3guAUuN1IHO3qWG4kwoXS2OeL9lW2K0uvLyn6ZajEb_jVmZOR6/s720/seedpodsfeathers.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ9PmUs0TV980sjw76ayBsd9Sb5t_hgNn0LrWsaphYd4U7qzPImMWeucNmZhT2jZDbQpka82vi_dQlyTv0VUFkrTJpXbvfz73RDDUnBVK8pWiC4ap_C3dWo6TDQ7YYhZmIs64atQ3guAUuN1IHO3qWG4kwoXS2OeL9lW2K0uvLyn6ZajEb_jVmZOR6/w640-h480/seedpodsfeathers.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Hd40v2Z77vTA6Xt-akG518kt08Zl08Wla7QjRhKp7F1Lpw-abHnBTtRTkwzXJoUHp9q2DR_8Cs-hPBw2o2VfKz4lVPvTFg-vm6EQBj3XN5E1ee1CsvjgHAi9Y6Yw81id8zQ2aQkVAnd_1Cx_95NsWJbNfHOuqKlN3xldrhXvDZbNAeZWd6FC0mfX/s640/bowlofrocks.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Hd40v2Z77vTA6Xt-akG518kt08Zl08Wla7QjRhKp7F1Lpw-abHnBTtRTkwzXJoUHp9q2DR_8Cs-hPBw2o2VfKz4lVPvTFg-vm6EQBj3XN5E1ee1CsvjgHAi9Y6Yw81id8zQ2aQkVAnd_1Cx_95NsWJbNfHOuqKlN3xldrhXvDZbNAeZWd6FC0mfX/w536-h640/bowlofrocks.jpg" width="536" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4Lu9nk2knduu6RJkQLji1MZitKTSc9GyiGhzQ_q8lJY5JLGZUndjSppARO2sR-2dezZPEw1jmA4Z4L7yd6cqx9ccRuHi03j_Q-gEKOfXihasnsEflzCFu1h0-nHWaKXEYUZTP_LRxMQOP9wjCouT1D9CcriostEYJa-xcqL8LeszVLpqKTm2IGP6/s600/IMG_2947.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="600" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4Lu9nk2knduu6RJkQLji1MZitKTSc9GyiGhzQ_q8lJY5JLGZUndjSppARO2sR-2dezZPEw1jmA4Z4L7yd6cqx9ccRuHi03j_Q-gEKOfXihasnsEflzCFu1h0-nHWaKXEYUZTP_LRxMQOP9wjCouT1D9CcriostEYJa-xcqL8LeszVLpqKTm2IGP6/w640-h440/IMG_2947.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I am a part of Sand Collectors United and International Sand Collectors Society on Facebook. I want to go to some meetups. I want to join the <a href="https://everettrockclub.com/" target="_blank">Everett Rock and Gem Club</a> for grins. I have meet some wonderful people online that I chat with all the time. Mainly I ask them about the ins and outs of collecting since I still consider myself a novice. One of my friends is <a href="http://scimuze.com/sand_images/" target="_blank">Jim Rienhardt</a>. He shared his Excel reference example for keeping track. He sent me lots of samples from New York and encouraged me. I think we met on Pinterest! I am not as diligent as a serious collector of the cleaning, and measuring and documenting for me to be confident to trade. I do send off samples to friends. And I am much better at getting all the information correct. I guess I just feel a little intimidated. <br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I consider myself an internet sleuth and LOVE looking up the area on Google maps where my sand comes from, what the sand consist of, about the area where people found it. It is a mystery always worth exploring which is one of the reasons I started my Something Sand blog, for myself to document my discoveries. Also books and videos that I had found interesting. There are also wonderful groups who make natural pigments, like the <a href="https://wildpigmentproject.org/" target="_blank">Wild Pigment Project</a>.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">My husband LOVED my sand collection. Always encouraged me. He passed away recently which makes our car trip through AZ, NM, and Utah even more precious. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">My kids want to keep it once I have passed. My granddaughter stood looking at my display of sand and shells and collection of art, she stepped back, spread her arms to the heavens and said <i>"Just think, all of this will be mine some day"</i>. Boy, did I have a giggle inside but I am thankful they are interested in my favorite hobby.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I don't see any downfalls of this hobby. Just take a small amount. Make sure you identify it while you are taking it because trust me, you will forget. I have lots of samples that are unmarked. I think this is a great project for school kids and younger adults. It is not expensive, it is very interesting, it gives them something to do on vacation instead of buying knick knacks. It teaches them about earth, geology and geography.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">For 10+ years now I have wanted to put together a sand collecting kit for kids. It would include some bottles or vials, a printed log book and an example of how to note your sample, a nice box to keep your collection safe, maybe a FB group just for them to share their finds, a program for their school. I just love the idea.<br /></div>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-166880206421189752023-01-23T05:55:00.032-08:002023-03-16T15:46:05.841-07:00Sand A-Z by Leo Kenney and Kate Clover <p>I love this thread going on the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/222811375398637/?hoisted_section_header_type=recently_seen&multi_permalinks=927988611547573" target="_blank">International Sand Collectors Society facebook page</a>. </p><p>I am going to keep adding to this post.
<b>A is for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attu_Island" target="_blank">Attu Island</a></b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attu_Island" target="_blank">,</a> Alaska. Attu Island is the westernmost island of the Aleutian Chain in the United States and the westernmost point of the state of Alaska. The island was the site of the only WWII land battle fought in the U.S. A Coast Guard LORAN station was on the island until it closed in 2010 making Attu an uninhabited island, the largest in the United States. (source: Wikipedia)
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQaCeNy_G5HRoPNpfJBY-sVCs40yEvuGSwLziFTA-Q5EbXRBQ5efq2iVKlkyHCZxkBLg48l-6g7dnpF7F8ft2fTmfy0mkzX6TBLyLi6oxcbRMU1qbqMqqYcKVZzl87dH2GNjcHmnQ2dF87wbo10AQYH9p9nYgyX0r0-CJKMpy8pSzJ1dZMPclxD42s/s2048/325678835_1325629331565611_8475546859095632608_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQaCeNy_G5HRoPNpfJBY-sVCs40yEvuGSwLziFTA-Q5EbXRBQ5efq2iVKlkyHCZxkBLg48l-6g7dnpF7F8ft2fTmfy0mkzX6TBLyLi6oxcbRMU1qbqMqqYcKVZzl87dH2GNjcHmnQ2dF87wbo10AQYH9p9nYgyX0r0-CJKMpy8pSzJ1dZMPclxD42s/s600/325678835_1325629331565611_8475546859095632608_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b>B is for <a href="https://parks.ky.gov/lucas/parks/resort/barren-river-lake-state-resort-park" target="_blank">Barren River in Kentucky</a>.</b> This sample from Barren River Lake, a Corp of Engineers impoundment, includes fossils: crinoid rods and rings plus bryozoan rods. These marine creatures lived about 450 million years ago when warm tropical seas covered what is now Kentucky and much of the north-central US. Many of the smaller grains are limestone, also remnants of that ancient ocean.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMPoxIZWcpn4pYf7EJLY1gDk0wBiRGGqWz8wYxJhhGaGXq_E0deCnMbP0byKa5sh3V4iollsvBquoTotsaAyEpiZWlQ5Shfsf4ISFV939WcnI7D1otxi5Oj0H4XNUaEklk7Lk6FceuAN9LeDuQerW8wK3SNFDY2NmEa4JN4FarrHL3fcRy8X0y4nfK/s2048/326216119_686300493223329_4539186771494464752_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMPoxIZWcpn4pYf7EJLY1gDk0wBiRGGqWz8wYxJhhGaGXq_E0deCnMbP0byKa5sh3V4iollsvBquoTotsaAyEpiZWlQ5Shfsf4ISFV939WcnI7D1otxi5Oj0H4XNUaEklk7Lk6FceuAN9LeDuQerW8wK3SNFDY2NmEa4JN4FarrHL3fcRy8X0y4nfK/s600/326216119_686300493223329_4539186771494464752_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b>C is for <a href="https://www.copperharbor.org/" target="_blank">Copper Harbor in Michigan</a>.</b> This town's name refers to the former use of the harbor for shipping copper mined from local mines in the mid-1800s. It is located near the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula which juts out into Lake Superior. The pebbles in this sample are decomposed from the local bedrock, the Copper Harbor Conglomerate. Severe storms on the lake contribute to the rounding of the grains and often bring up rocks eroded from the lake bottom including agates, and other minerals.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF3u_Nm2PlyidX9av1dAnSqoocXExhPGqZIsoK_SHnVyk5ZUtwTmUv8Az2X1vo-M5sDW5Yq1kA6SgeoJP60DTGg7SpYyIONCHE5j4E6e4sYWB_bE66YpuABDwu9Bt87NG7LOiwXfY0u-OZjC-PNu15sJjjxKt1npKfYkq_eZIzHCFcoMPdocJl2Ob0/s2048/326351571_498110165773114_1206651393416824956_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF3u_Nm2PlyidX9av1dAnSqoocXExhPGqZIsoK_SHnVyk5ZUtwTmUv8Az2X1vo-M5sDW5Yq1kA6SgeoJP60DTGg7SpYyIONCHE5j4E6e4sYWB_bE66YpuABDwu9Bt87NG7LOiwXfY0u-OZjC-PNu15sJjjxKt1npKfYkq_eZIzHCFcoMPdocJl2Ob0/s600/326351571_498110165773114_1206651393416824956_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b>D is for <a href="https://www.easttnvacations.com/explore-the-area/douglas-lake/" target="_blank">Douglas Lake, Tennessee</a>.</b> These reddish-brown nodules are ferruginous manganese oxide and eroded from local bedrock around Douglas Lake (aka Douglas Reservoir) in eastern Tennessee. The reservoir was created by the impoundment of the French Broad River when the Tennessee Valley Authority built the Douglas Dam in 1943 to generate hydroelectric power. The term "nodule" derives from the Latin "nodulus" meaning knot.
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<b> </b></p><p><b>E is for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBEle%CA%BBele" target="_blank">Eleʻele on the island of Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi.</a></b> On Kauaʻi's south coast, the shoreline near Port Allen is littered with millions of pieces of glass: amber, green, red, blue, and clear, plus broken flasks and pottery. The glass dumped in a seaside landfill years ago has fallen into the ocean and been polished by the waves. Beachcombers have collected the larger fragments so today's glass is mostly sand-sized grains. The black and red rocks are volcanic in origin.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2UsyqC_fQM1MWappgtWwrc9OjlSOvWstuAGVWC7xLTDs0dyvGk4szsXW3jbzuW0FI86gr7xhusKc1D_0OFYCyFYUFetmNHnXgOJEbNVTH2CjaRVzNcDVyYnsYbR0_naJOJk9J82Y7NRx6rwPKRChAQ0saBftpm-yEt0TxcAg5vdmKJsXEk4SMyW_O/s2048/326882256_632971322161375_4694374982734398814_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2UsyqC_fQM1MWappgtWwrc9OjlSOvWstuAGVWC7xLTDs0dyvGk4szsXW3jbzuW0FI86gr7xhusKc1D_0OFYCyFYUFetmNHnXgOJEbNVTH2CjaRVzNcDVyYnsYbR0_naJOJk9J82Y7NRx6rwPKRChAQ0saBftpm-yEt0TxcAg5vdmKJsXEk4SMyW_O/s600/326882256_632971322161375_4694374982734398814_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_GJq4_c_bjg2ZTV2PbC9Tu52HOPjIDJhyrrwU5VDXHetYNXJozs5X9oweb-7e5WBAxUxdmD-1Bu4oruZinL9Ens_66FQLHBxVFE2i_-QCwcwmRpoM68hT6ORJtTtsZo97P5q7y0RUBHX-0HTH9njl2HjSNGBPtzKEqr3coahbWguFG65cQyy2v76/s2048/327038098_1365442277608475_4009073903504277271_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg_GJq4_c_bjg2ZTV2PbC9Tu52HOPjIDJhyrrwU5VDXHetYNXJozs5X9oweb-7e5WBAxUxdmD-1Bu4oruZinL9Ens_66FQLHBxVFE2i_-QCwcwmRpoM68hT6ORJtTtsZo97P5q7y0RUBHX-0HTH9njl2HjSNGBPtzKEqr3coahbWguFG65cQyy2v76/s600/327038098_1365442277608475_4009073903504277271_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b>F is for <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Four+Craters+Lava+Field/@43.3609994,-120.6777547,8285m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x54b816bc87da94a3:0xa77726d8e7f838a8!8m2!3d43.361!4d-120.669!5m1!1e4" target="_blank">Four Craters Lava Field, Oregon</a>.</b> The Four Craters Lava Field is a basaltic volcanic field located southeast of Newberry Caldera in Oregon. The Four Craters Lava Field originated from four pyroclastic cones and covers about 30 square kilometers. The cinders vary in color. If they fell while it was raining, the rain water reacted with the iron in the basalt and turned the cinders rusty red. Black cinders reflect a dry eruptive period.
— with Kate Clover.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs3IGg6BkgV5oKVN2Y6GUKE5Wghc_52SsQv6AsCZlrSTqrlY3obFP4hJcEC6VDLFIzb0seoEzSQ1DTKeDC14suDpCrjOcLXiuP_u1OZ65U0Y9DxR_iS5LXVBl6RRQk1SDWkElp2e8gxr8vQV2TkL9PaF8HECMCkKnvezcmwBltOMzfw5qXYWBCwsyP/s2048/327345215_746712517075543_5282413033463447520_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1363" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs3IGg6BkgV5oKVN2Y6GUKE5Wghc_52SsQv6AsCZlrSTqrlY3obFP4hJcEC6VDLFIzb0seoEzSQ1DTKeDC14suDpCrjOcLXiuP_u1OZ65U0Y9DxR_iS5LXVBl6RRQk1SDWkElp2e8gxr8vQV2TkL9PaF8HECMCkKnvezcmwBltOMzfw5qXYWBCwsyP/s600/327345215_746712517075543_5282413033463447520_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u" dir="auto"></span></p><div class="x1e56ztr"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u"><span><b>G is for Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida.</b></span> Historic
Fort Jefferson is located on Garden Key, the second largest island in
the Dry Tortugas (a 2 1/4 hour boat trip from Key West, ~70 miles). This
National Monument features a massive brick structure with walls 425
feet long which rise from a surrounding moat. Circa1850, this was the
biggest coastal fortification, masonry structure in the Western
Hemisphere. Ships transported sixteen million bricks to create the fort,
evidence of which we see in the sample.</span></div><div class="x1e56ztr"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u"> </span></div><div class="x1e56ztr"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u">Fort
Jefferson was used briefly during the Civil War and was soon after
converted into a military prison. A notable prisoner was Dr. Samuel
Mudd, sentenced to life for conspiracy in the assassination of President
Abraham Lincoln. During a yellow fever epidemic at the prison, the army
doctor died, and Dr. Mudd assumed medical duties and succeeded in
keeping the death rate much lower than other yellow fever outbreaks. He
was subsequently pardoned partially because of this work.</span></div><div class="x1e56ztr"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u"> </span></div><div class="x1e56ztr"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u">The
sample: The red-brown fragments are brick. The black fragments are coal
which was used for cooking and powering ships and steam machinery. The
biogenics include pink homotrema, sea urchin spines, coiled shells,
corals, flakes of halimeda, forams and more.</span></div><div class="x1e56ztr"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPKFwMkxXw_X_9woFeLDBrcdVGqhxCl6iWu6mOyHTgFTTxzZbHjVvzEAtpmUjDSqT9xiCtM--QZJ-XELbH-QrZb7NUYEW_Q0F7mziUwETWtqPE2ieJZGj6KpooU3Oqlx98W6KtlwFxCCBPqVhfhyoprI_7p4HkVigaaUzJCw9DrH4WE480Q36tzxr/s1444/327712140_1850599535305732_5897502584592620948_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1444" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPKFwMkxXw_X_9woFeLDBrcdVGqhxCl6iWu6mOyHTgFTTxzZbHjVvzEAtpmUjDSqT9xiCtM--QZJ-XELbH-QrZb7NUYEW_Q0F7mziUwETWtqPE2ieJZGj6KpooU3Oqlx98W6KtlwFxCCBPqVhfhyoprI_7p4HkVigaaUzJCw9DrH4WE480Q36tzxr/w640-h426/327712140_1850599535305732_5897502584592620948_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></div><div class="x1e56ztr"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs xlh3980 xvmahel x1n0sxbx x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgpfQddj5AgT_CEvDQACBEttqcsNlb9dpIp3jMe3D2DHiyCjsrn_6tmNw6W0v-rKmxSmak7aT8K-M00Fg216svnX6HdPP6q2Zn24IhDRqA_lunfdvuTu4v4lM74HjbCWONVdsXoVYjiSAl8qIhG4P3XMFENKk7tiRiwAThInlWfr7kORPZdgzq2B-/s1440/327030684_1360217988056664_7615912095699375224_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1440" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgpfQddj5AgT_CEvDQACBEttqcsNlb9dpIp3jMe3D2DHiyCjsrn_6tmNw6W0v-rKmxSmak7aT8K-M00Fg216svnX6HdPP6q2Zn24IhDRqA_lunfdvuTu4v4lM74HjbCWONVdsXoVYjiSAl8qIhG4P3XMFENKk7tiRiwAThInlWfr7kORPZdgzq2B-/w640-h426/327030684_1360217988056664_7615912095699375224_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnRyUzNDz2qELiGc2WTZSpEN3omcMuOf5oCtEt4oAyrPUZCXiLrJu-PeHmSLwEQwwZPGJKHQINWqEpJAu0twvNZtYi6GPR-4m7wX_AJDd6Z9RfjqHK78u8BTjrJvNwR4iscYRmUKC49JHf8HSaWr530oCTnLMtc1Qil2ivqRAEjPY-VeTSykji9UXr/s740/Yankee-Freedom-Dry-Tortugas.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="472" data-original-width="740" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnRyUzNDz2qELiGc2WTZSpEN3omcMuOf5oCtEt4oAyrPUZCXiLrJu-PeHmSLwEQwwZPGJKHQINWqEpJAu0twvNZtYi6GPR-4m7wX_AJDd6Z9RfjqHK78u8BTjrJvNwR4iscYRmUKC49JHf8HSaWr530oCTnLMtc1Qil2ivqRAEjPY-VeTSykji9UXr/w640-h408/Yankee-Freedom-Dry-Tortugas.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><p></p><p>
<i>Like no place else on earth, the Dry Tortugas offer visitors an adventure they will never forget. If you’re visiting Key West, a trip to this oasis in the Gulf of Mexico is a must. From the pristine clear blue waters to the massive Civil War Fortress, there’s many reasons Dry Tortugas National Park is the #1 rated Key West attraction.
Located just 70 miles west of Key West, in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico, the Dry Tortugas and Fort Jefferson National Park are surrounded by crystal blue waters. These warm shallow seas are just perfect for wading, snorkeling, kayaking, canoeing or just dipping your toes in. And if you’re one who likes to bask in the sun, the pristine white sandy beach delivers in a big way. Sink your toes in the sand, relax under a shady palm and let the worries of real life melt away. </i></p><p><i></i></p><p><i><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aYpR74bo5dQ" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>
</i></p><p><b>H is for Haverstraw, New York on the Hudson River.</b> This sample includes orange-red brick fragments; these are artifacts of Haverstraw's history as the brickmaking capital of the world. Starting in 1771, Dutch immigrants started making bricks using the blue and yellow clay found along the river banks. (The clay was deposited as the Ice Age glaciers melted.) Bricks were first made for use in fireplaces and chimneys; the industry quickly grew. </p><p>In 1883, there were 41 brickyards in and around Haverstraw. Annually, they shipped over a billion bricks 40 miles downriver to markets in metropolitan New York to build the tenements, schools, sewers, sidewalks, churches, houses and more. The brick industry continued to thrive until the Second World War when bricks lost their favor as a building material. Today, remnants of the brickmaking industry are scattered along <a href="https://www.hudsonriver.com/hhrt/river-towns/rockland-county/haverstraw-ny/" target="_blank">Haverstraw's Hudson River</a> shoreline. There is a <a href="https://www.haverstrawbrickmuseum.org/" target="_blank">brick museum</a> too.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEaRUy-QXh8JHxXAaGG6lJJnkKbNrOGCjJpPs14EaaTa6leiqK2otIcB60Cvwv7o4TSXULtqBeOrCl94EapsQWxYcWQCsr84YVqn0exGPO5-n4Y_Yop31GLsX6T91Qj_E_tzQ-pUGT_TG8AJxgl0IG4NsNrRWqcqHM6QMT19MWJ2SARv-gWlt56GvR/s2048/327118489_557812549697214_693276258936699260_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEaRUy-QXh8JHxXAaGG6lJJnkKbNrOGCjJpPs14EaaTa6leiqK2otIcB60Cvwv7o4TSXULtqBeOrCl94EapsQWxYcWQCsr84YVqn0exGPO5-n4Y_Yop31GLsX6T91Qj_E_tzQ-pUGT_TG8AJxgl0IG4NsNrRWqcqHM6QMT19MWJ2SARv-gWlt56GvR/s600/327118489_557812549697214_693276258936699260_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p></p> <p></p><p><b>I is for the Ipswich, Massachusetts end of Plum Island.</b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_Island_(New_York)" target="_blank">Plum Island</a> is an 11-mile barrier island on the northeast coast of Massachusetts consisting of portions of four towns, from north to south: <a href="https://newengland.com/today/travel/massachusetts/things-to-do-on-plum-island/" target="_blank">Newburyport, Newbury, Rowley and Ipswich</a>. Two thirds of Plum Island is a mix of dunes and marshes protected as the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge and the Sandy Point State Reservation at the southern tip. The island was named for the wild beach plums found there, not the purple sand. </p><p>The sand is a mix of <a href="https://www.etsy.com/listing/748150031/natural-pyrope-garnet-loose-rough-lot?ga_order=most_relevant&ga_search_type=all&ga_view_type=gallery&ga_search_query=pink+pyrope+garnet&ref=sr_gallery-1-1&frs=1&cns=1&organic_search_click=1" target="_blank">pink pyrope garnet</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmenite" target="_blank">opaque black ilmenite</a> and magnetite, <a href="https://www.mindat.org/min-419.html" target="_blank">rods of dark augite</a>, plus quartz and feldspar. However, other heavy minerals are occasionally found in the sand including green epidote and (possibly) blue kyanite. The ratio of garnet to ilmenite and magnetite is such that the sand appears purple when on the beach and creates fascinating colored patterns in the sand. </p><p>Curiously, the two samples pictured here are from the same general area of the island, but they are different. The sample with the angular grains was found high up on the beach, well above the high water /high tide line and close to the dunes. This is part of the sand deposited when the glaciers melted and ocean currents transported tons of sediments and created the barrier island and the dunes. </p><p>The sample with the highly polished and rounded grains was found after a major storm above the normal high tide line. This is a wind and surf concentrated sample.The roundness of these grains indicates that the grains have spent a long time rolling in the surf and tides
Note: An earlier post had a different identification for the blue grains. Based on local geology and suggestions from a geologist, we are now identifying the blue as kyanite. Further analysis will be done. We appreciate people making helpful comments on our posts.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGGug40l6Gfo7bDUSlFr-t6X8_gpfM3sP80zSlt3WGUgsvVGKvaCeIZMf6K6M-i0YXT7Uenv1XH4snplJYig9f9pDVoealR_Wkwzofwnnp4hStDraF7tuZ1NnM7Ad6Dwpq9NCRG5DV-uHNNtPdMOyO9x6YC7mSZTvLE4UWQkPrUreNgqpunNXqTJ8Z/s1442/328231726_590885702859006_7475782824732399132_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1442" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGGug40l6Gfo7bDUSlFr-t6X8_gpfM3sP80zSlt3WGUgsvVGKvaCeIZMf6K6M-i0YXT7Uenv1XH4snplJYig9f9pDVoealR_Wkwzofwnnp4hStDraF7tuZ1NnM7Ad6Dwpq9NCRG5DV-uHNNtPdMOyO9x6YC7mSZTvLE4UWQkPrUreNgqpunNXqTJ8Z/w640-h426/328231726_590885702859006_7475782824732399132_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gViHMfYue9pXEo6-j2olUNZtq32oIHPr_l5nPptuJVaQBWCysd5G4iC4iHBKdW_CJfjdfbrlB3tRqyaZ8SqcPi3llmlIULBtKWGM9JA1O_0JKkTHqv6EYAPocj-heth8SpxbjcvJiBkTVOaFKIUE3_OZBHD6462z0YNgrMgYYZCBH8264NpMMB38/s1440/328253667_548666903883502_1657446372431902992_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1440" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gViHMfYue9pXEo6-j2olUNZtq32oIHPr_l5nPptuJVaQBWCysd5G4iC4iHBKdW_CJfjdfbrlB3tRqyaZ8SqcPi3llmlIULBtKWGM9JA1O_0JKkTHqv6EYAPocj-heth8SpxbjcvJiBkTVOaFKIUE3_OZBHD6462z0YNgrMgYYZCBH8264NpMMB38/w640-h426/328253667_548666903883502_1657446372431902992_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<a href="https://goodmorninggloucester.com/2020/03/22/why-the-sand-is-purple-and-pink-on-crane-beach-plum-island-and-other-north-shore-beaches/" target="_blank">WHY THE SAND IS PURPLE AND PINK ON CRANE BEACH, PLUM ISLAND, AND OTHER NORTH SHORE BEACHES</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj39tS1MeGbf00wLYTP07Shq2W9irmVACXVCkgVZsbW6DusBZCtzZ-j3UIsm_T4gL-613xCWn44yo8mXVWJaSDkDftC_LIBhcvQQ8EwM28ZYsoR19PK_8YjjMgrpZkW_JR0k8_UAGUM7dIDoFEA3FrQGr_Mzz2dj-e8ip31EyeGPQX-w9xPM0OoibB5/s800/604a8be956643.image.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj39tS1MeGbf00wLYTP07Shq2W9irmVACXVCkgVZsbW6DusBZCtzZ-j3UIsm_T4gL-613xCWn44yo8mXVWJaSDkDftC_LIBhcvQQ8EwM28ZYsoR19PK_8YjjMgrpZkW_JR0k8_UAGUM7dIDoFEA3FrQGr_Mzz2dj-e8ip31EyeGPQX-w9xPM0OoibB5/s600/604a8be956643.image.jpg" width="600" /></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx56nkuSDgxCG-VMswUSYguwrzSsmsly_Goun3UEE-h1RO969xcDH9IngKSXLv7-YY-2UJSvQaxfkrCCtGBUZ8D6PaRriDpn4Zh7exs64dER9XEsURRmWI9wGCY4XSad20fI8s6xD6SO-UZvcGMl5SlDJ-FuNq5sn6YhtjoQz-F9uVUV8MVWaRaahZ/s1400/pink-purple-sand-copyright-kim-smith-1-of-5.webp" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="1400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx56nkuSDgxCG-VMswUSYguwrzSsmsly_Goun3UEE-h1RO969xcDH9IngKSXLv7-YY-2UJSvQaxfkrCCtGBUZ8D6PaRriDpn4Zh7exs64dER9XEsURRmWI9wGCY4XSad20fI8s6xD6SO-UZvcGMl5SlDJ-FuNq5sn6YhtjoQz-F9uVUV8MVWaRaahZ/s600/pink-purple-sand-copyright-kim-smith-1-of-5.webp" width="600" /></a></div><br /><p></p> <p></p><p></p><p><b>J is for <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/623242" target="_blank">Jordan Sandstone</a>, Minnesota.</b> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Formation" target="_blank">Jordan Sandstone</a> is found in eastern and southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa and across southern Wisconsin. Where it is exposed at the surface, it easily decomposes into quartz sand. This deposit represents an ancient shallow marine deposit of near pure quartz. Color ranges from clear to yellow, and grains range from fine to coarse.
This sandstone is part of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, a sequence of sedimentary bedrock units. The Jordan aquifer provides good drinking water to about a half-million Iowans, as well as water that is critical to industries that range from data centers to food processing and ethanol production
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgASE_IJmgS0aV9qkcM_w3_Axn-op8_PvIJQPl-L41keQYcGT3knpDUVEsNoaOklpV9UFgheFNk1v_FlBT9GE6vs--lUzRZJUKtWRwJg_VRqMIT02VXWTvyeOfsxM0ApifRpQFDOGKUXItYwJgV_mOWffEZqAbEqJCRbW1ux5euRljgGKbwmjrTJyYI/s2048/327724723_5869747323094867_7264558975679494486_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgASE_IJmgS0aV9qkcM_w3_Axn-op8_PvIJQPl-L41keQYcGT3knpDUVEsNoaOklpV9UFgheFNk1v_FlBT9GE6vs--lUzRZJUKtWRwJg_VRqMIT02VXWTvyeOfsxM0ApifRpQFDOGKUXItYwJgV_mOWffEZqAbEqJCRbW1ux5euRljgGKbwmjrTJyYI/s600/327724723_5869747323094867_7264558975679494486_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b>K is for Ke’anae Peninsula, Maui, Hawaii.</b> <a href="https://mauiguidebook.com/road-to-hana-maui/road-to-hana-sites-to-see-maui/keanae-peninsula/" target="_blank">The Ke’anae Peninsula</a> juts out from the highway and is about the half-way marker on the famous, twisty Road to Hana.
Historically, Ke’anae has been a taro producing Hawaiian village, and much of the land is in taro lo’i (taro fields) today. Taro grows in muddy soil, and legend says that dirt was brought there basket-by-basket to create the fields. Perhaps that's true since the area is lava rock, created quite recently (geologically speaking) in multiple massive lava flows from Haleakala. Taro was and is still a staple food in traditional Hawaiian life. They pound the root to make poi, a starchy food. The leaves are used to wrap packets of food which are then steamed.
The peninsula offers spectacular ocean vistas with the blue ocean contrasting with foamy waves crashing against the black and gray rocks and lush green foliage on the land. With the wild surf and chaotic waves, swimming in not recommended, but there is a small beach where fishermen cast their lines and nets. The sand from this tiny beach includes black basalt, glassy-looking obsidian, and grains of <a href="https://geology.com/minerals/olivine.shtml" target="_blank">yellow-green olivine</a>, a ferro-magnesium mineral.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVW6HhMp9B0tbLcc8YqKjDn0JyWmSnkQyopbkhIzRbL6Tsun4TgNOQ06k4_8PLpk0LkFUCRxCYZt4dlVZ11ZfiOT4qxANhLQ7RtRs121UegJ3NfXHEweHJx9Zirp4-0jTamLbmOY3RoE8dyrG97Urk9ocHzNtLx1qbTsimaty_wvb1WOPM5Fkztwg7/s2048/328735347_1261920521375987_8325287187665211985_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1363" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVW6HhMp9B0tbLcc8YqKjDn0JyWmSnkQyopbkhIzRbL6Tsun4TgNOQ06k4_8PLpk0LkFUCRxCYZt4dlVZ11ZfiOT4qxANhLQ7RtRs121UegJ3NfXHEweHJx9Zirp4-0jTamLbmOY3RoE8dyrG97Urk9ocHzNtLx1qbTsimaty_wvb1WOPM5Fkztwg7/s600/328735347_1261920521375987_8325287187665211985_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b>L is for La Sal, Utah.</b> The sample comes from a mine near <a href="https://www.discovermoab.com/la-sal-mountains/" target="_blank">La Sal, Utah</a> on the Utah-Colorado state line near Moab, Utah. These blue concretions are nicknamed "blueberries," and they get their color from the copper-bearing mineral, azurite. Likewise, the green nodules are colored with malachite, another copper-bearing mineral. Look closely between the green and blue in these concretions, those clear and white grains are quartz, the main constituent of these concretions. </p><p>Geologists believe these formed when copper-bearing solutions migrated into a fault and mineralized the adjacent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Formation" target="_blank">Dakota Sandstone</a>. The quartz sandstone is poorly cemented and when exposed at the surface, the azurite and malachite concretion weather out.</p><p>Mining has a long history in this area. The Anasazi Indians mined <a href="https://www.mindat.org/min-447.html" target="_blank">azurite</a> here 700 - 1200 years ago. In more modern times, copper mining began around 1903 and millions of tons of copper were recovered. Mining boomed during the World Wars, then declined and pretty much ceased by the middle 1970s. In the 1980s, someone "discovered" beautiful mineral specimens in the area, and that started the next boom for mineral specimens. The hunt for mineral specimens continues. </p><p>Azurite has been used as dye and paint pigment for centuries. The ancient Egyptians used it as did artists during the Middle Ages and Renaissance (this was mined in France). Synthetic pigments, such as Prussian Blue, have now replaced the natural pigment.
Note: Collecting sites around La Sal are closed to the public; however, collecting tours are sold through outfitters in Moab and Salt Lake City.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKsteacNPjtSkQRyH1y0bMbRZZ4H7JXwC1rFBxbPBaF_FDgrzLJ0UD2LfePeNdM9Tetd7tow1lNRBHRLyIAWt48TpneeX9CNE8Gz7nVagHC4sakMaEUrTeUhr3bzElUPFMrD_IYh4bLapE7aPQAoX-9nEzYY-j-7IhW-vZg8RzkPW_QLEsZGgYnkb-/s2048/328993193_684432293475622_4836999042731630731_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKsteacNPjtSkQRyH1y0bMbRZZ4H7JXwC1rFBxbPBaF_FDgrzLJ0UD2LfePeNdM9Tetd7tow1lNRBHRLyIAWt48TpneeX9CNE8Gz7nVagHC4sakMaEUrTeUhr3bzElUPFMrD_IYh4bLapE7aPQAoX-9nEzYY-j-7IhW-vZg8RzkPW_QLEsZGgYnkb-/w640-h426/328993193_684432293475622_4836999042731630731_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b>M is for Monument Valley.</b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_Valley#/media/File:Monument_Valley,_Utah,_USA_(23611451292).jpg" target="_blank">Monument Valley</a> is located on the northern border of Arizona near the Four Corners area. As part of the Colorado Plateau, it is characterized by vast sandstone buttes. In 1942, uranium was discovered here, and the first mine opened in 1948; vanadium was also mined. When mining stopped in 1969, this area had produced more uranium oxide than any other district in Arizona. The Monument Valley area lies within the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_Nation" target="_blank">Navajo Nation Reservation</a>; for environmental and health reasons the Navajo Nation declared a moratorium on mining in 2005. </p><p>The red and pink grains in the sample are iron-stained sandstone. The yellow grains are uranium or vanadium minerals. The blue grains likely contain copper. The fine-grained matrix includes remnants of the decaying Rocky Mountains and the local silica sandstone.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdDfwRMYdzHr88SyngU7O7L4TuBhR1OD_Z0OTdvZz_rwqRoyodNHMb5iuN_2rpGvKpGkgE1lR8wMNAcO5r6Z4ysblj5GP8JwmvfB18eUxk55Y1lu5zDJHSDwCSdULsRKF4VbBo_Kd7uF8I3zbqlgWPhwJD89nL2DeT9sx1dMfAnWvzQZjeRdaJ7dny/s2048/329004088_5970647509648586_297412344230008100_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdDfwRMYdzHr88SyngU7O7L4TuBhR1OD_Z0OTdvZz_rwqRoyodNHMb5iuN_2rpGvKpGkgE1lR8wMNAcO5r6Z4ysblj5GP8JwmvfB18eUxk55Y1lu5zDJHSDwCSdULsRKF4VbBo_Kd7uF8I3zbqlgWPhwJD89nL2DeT9sx1dMfAnWvzQZjeRdaJ7dny/s600/329004088_5970647509648586_297412344230008100_n.jpg" width="600" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCW5VLQ2f2CDULFj7OrPrXFL4sDmfJknYGpAZZSd1No4J6bnPdBMY5a7mtUf8MtQOAp1zc8iEEk2tAR_n-PDR6ZQS_5--JrDoKAzZ-AiZ5Rwjo6kg106vbsv_82XkKStwoJmBsvSz61ZVvr6T8N39X8bSuAR6qiBRix_DseMIKTC7G1mCvkmjrXCLN/s2560/Monument_Valley,_Utah,_USA_(23611451292).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1707" data-original-width="2560" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCW5VLQ2f2CDULFj7OrPrXFL4sDmfJknYGpAZZSd1No4J6bnPdBMY5a7mtUf8MtQOAp1zc8iEEk2tAR_n-PDR6ZQS_5--JrDoKAzZ-AiZ5Rwjo6kg106vbsv_82XkKStwoJmBsvSz61ZVvr6T8N39X8bSuAR6qiBRix_DseMIKTC7G1mCvkmjrXCLN/w640-h426/Monument_Valley,_Utah,_USA_(23611451292).jpg" width="640" /> </a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFxbgG9S5QVcj5tuBfp_CEkZl_hLRdGyBiBx6KBvTxIgw0V_2KZf1DKnDbCR9FtJ5PvkMxpLa2jBruD_CknWq6_UFyASxLOdjtESDhNuZE0khfjMfWWKBQQg2Vx0nPSOl_lMhHziOZ9ctu-AjfALRiDx2pYi2Y1PYxbHDaIC--AznxswlPxx1cb64Y/s2560/2560px-DineBikeyahBe'elyaigii.svg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1995" data-original-width="2560" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFxbgG9S5QVcj5tuBfp_CEkZl_hLRdGyBiBx6KBvTxIgw0V_2KZf1DKnDbCR9FtJ5PvkMxpLa2jBruD_CknWq6_UFyASxLOdjtESDhNuZE0khfjMfWWKBQQg2Vx0nPSOl_lMhHziOZ9ctu-AjfALRiDx2pYi2Y1PYxbHDaIC--AznxswlPxx1cb64Y/w640-h498/2560px-DineBikeyahBe'elyaigii.svg.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> </div><br /> </div><p>
<b>N is for <a href="https://www.myscenicdrives.com/drives/washington/strait-of-juan-de-fuca" target="_blank">Neah Bay, Strait of Juan de Fuca</a>, Washington.</b> Neah Bay is home to the <a href="https://makah.com/" target="_blank">Makah Indian Tribe</a>. Their reservation is located on the most northwesterly tip of Washington State, a rugged and scenic coastline. They have lived in the area for thousands of years and were skilled at using the natural resources from both land and sea. Traditionally the Makah were marine hunters, hunting seals, sea lions and whales from their dugout canoes made from red cedar. Today they are like the rest of us: they play video games, wear jeans and drive cars. Yet, the Makah still practice their ancient heritage, teach their language to their children, hold dance parties and participate in canoe journeys. Like many indigenous cultures today, the arts play an important role in their daily life, and many make a living as artists. Many are skilled woodcarvers. Others paint and depict marine creatures which were, and still are, important to their culture. </p><p>Considered a channel, the Strait of Juan de Fuca is a glacially carved fjord that formed about 14,000 years ago when a slow moving river of ice flowed through the valley. The strait connects Puget Sound (including Seattle) and the Pacific Ocean. The channel serves to exchange salty ocean water with freshwater running from rivers emptying into the sound. This mixing of waters creates strong and complicated tides and ocean currents and keeps the water constantly circulating. The strait is 97 miles long (154km) and between 11 - 25 miles wide (19 - 40 km). The international border between the United States and Canada runs down the center of the Strait. English fur trader, Captain Charles William Barkley named the strait in honor of a Greek mariner, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca" target="_blank">Juan de Fuca</a> who had explored the area as part of a Spanish expedition in 1592.</p><p>Geologically, the Washington coast has been subject to changing land and sea levels with tectonic uplift associated with movements on the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate. As a consequence, marine terraces (with fossils) are found at various levels in the region. The marine fossils found at the base of the cliffs and on the beach came from these deposits. Other rocks on the beach eroded from the bedrock cliffs or originated as glacial debris. Rivers also transported sediments to the shore. Biogenic grains in the sample include sea urchin spines, fragments of barnacle plates, polycheate worm tubes made from both sand grains and calcium carbonate. Many of the coiled and dics-shaped grains are likely the foram, <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=112901" target="_blank">Gyroidina soldanii </a>(also known as Hansenisca soldanii) and between 42 and 26 million years old. </p><p>The indigenous tribes from Northern California to British Columbia, including the Makah in Washington, all have oral histories of the land shaking, the ocean flooding in, mountains sliding and covering villages and lots of deaths. These people had learned: when the shaking starts, get off the beach, head to higher ground, take long ropes and the canoes. </p><p>In the winter of 1969 - 70, a brutal Pacific storm uncovered old houses – parts of an ancestral coastal Makah village, called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozette_Indian_Village_Archeological_Site" target="_blank">Ozette</a>, located about 15 miles south of Cape Flattery. The hiker who found the site contacted the Makah who contacted archaeologists at the University of Washington. Working together between 1970 and 1981, they unearthed around 55,000 artifacts from the site. Miraculously, mud had sealed off all the organic material from air and preserved the site and the artifacts. All this evidence unearthed affirmed their oral histories of earthquakes, tsunamis and mudslides. In 1979, the tribe opened the Makah Cultural and Research Center in Neah Bay to house the collection. The best artifacts are on exhibit. The museum is worth a visit. </p><p>Geologists however hadn't put much credence into indigenous oral histories. In the mid-1980s, they began a study and linked evidence of the Cascadia Earthquake in 1700 (with an estimated magnitude between 8.7 - 9.2) with tsunamis around the Pacific, including Japan — and then to indigenous villages along the Pacific northwest coast of North America. They realized the Makah story correlated with Japanese tsunami records from 1700 (that's nearly a century before European contact in the Pacific Northwest). As ethnographers looked further into oral histories, they found that tribes all along the coast had been telling stories about this event and others like it from the deeper past. Their stories all said: the land does this at times.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGAlLvA6eyMtYXTAbu-ztE8FQy7wCwWVviGvQ1rmBeZMl2CqByoC3qed_0ALV6bWDhLAhx7y2tFQniTUzylJAdsJneDfOLPbVwxQW8ADhbg9hJYvlH2dUqea9ZhMrLP1_QvVy8RH1P0V_sAjC9IqEFtcHwrnOFXOWetfq9_LraeqF42v-Vs49l8vD/s2048/328615843_743875480310637_1821915604764996558_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGAlLvA6eyMtYXTAbu-ztE8FQy7wCwWVviGvQ1rmBeZMl2CqByoC3qed_0ALV6bWDhLAhx7y2tFQniTUzylJAdsJneDfOLPbVwxQW8ADhbg9hJYvlH2dUqea9ZhMrLP1_QvVy8RH1P0V_sAjC9IqEFtcHwrnOFXOWetfq9_LraeqF42v-Vs49l8vD/s600/328615843_743875480310637_1821915604764996558_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTHoMO5DxJZUMVfeqkmtHTKysT4TjCeQX7kabjzxLzvRr7bEF2jHU-8YRw-dIGx99LyPNSZb2VooJap9Ska1t4enhF5kstFDcDtOuSorsRbws9nxHipMJ4omG-v83L6ICIjimJ9Zwz2N5FTQFndyeLq5v8QyUnJSFytPjkU6pI6nxZJk3506NiHAMv/s2048/329125431_908497776954474_7020128978016834944_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTHoMO5DxJZUMVfeqkmtHTKysT4TjCeQX7kabjzxLzvRr7bEF2jHU-8YRw-dIGx99LyPNSZb2VooJap9Ska1t4enhF5kstFDcDtOuSorsRbws9nxHipMJ4omG-v83L6ICIjimJ9Zwz2N5FTQFndyeLq5v8QyUnJSFytPjkU6pI6nxZJk3506NiHAMv/s600/329125431_908497776954474_7020128978016834944_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi88y-TN-wRQo1CbUJuhD6ToSVvafO1cWYX9OS2YzM17XfQyckdXFT5tf0V0Yzzzjt7jtGVDnBctbjk_-QYGZ5iAXZYY3tHXaul1bLQWB4AqLAfH18AJj6q0NxZAH8h5zysdVSknouwCla10igCU7h8iIiVyi2MY_8mKgL4vDiwvpSO08pgehh1E2Qj/s2048/329126069_583408563317933_7544298585042257699_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1361" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi88y-TN-wRQo1CbUJuhD6ToSVvafO1cWYX9OS2YzM17XfQyckdXFT5tf0V0Yzzzjt7jtGVDnBctbjk_-QYGZ5iAXZYY3tHXaul1bLQWB4AqLAfH18AJj6q0NxZAH8h5zysdVSknouwCla10igCU7h8iIiVyi2MY_8mKgL4vDiwvpSO08pgehh1E2Qj/s600/329126069_583408563317933_7544298585042257699_n.jpg" width="600" /> </a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi88y-TN-wRQo1CbUJuhD6ToSVvafO1cWYX9OS2YzM17XfQyckdXFT5tf0V0Yzzzjt7jtGVDnBctbjk_-QYGZ5iAXZYY3tHXaul1bLQWB4AqLAfH18AJj6q0NxZAH8h5zysdVSknouwCla10igCU7h8iIiVyi2MY_8mKgL4vDiwvpSO08pgehh1E2Qj/s2048/329126069_583408563317933_7544298585042257699_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"> <br /></a></div>
Makah oral history told of a “great slide” which buried a portion of Ozette long ago. Archaeologists collaboration with the Tribe proved this oral history correct. Radiocarbon dates demonstrated that a slide some 500 ± 50 years BP (before present) buried six longhouses and their respective contents, locking the pre-contact wooden and wood-based artifacts in a shroud of mud. The 11-year excavation produced over 55,000 artifacts, which the Tribe kept on the reservation. Consequently, the MCRC came about from the Tribe’s desire to curate and interpret this unique collection.
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii3Egx-7bjdWL6mAUl7z1DD2PTJQKeI06NErEaKjWuMM2ZmMixfoKqDHAL1Cxd_HIz-lq7w4ErzSkeBPZrkhLmHN2iuJz-lkc3q6XFHibWQmlebupg3-0m81aVAW6DDP0bCoyV4fRvWjpKxfvkMfeDQqfNAGDJkCN3dD0Bx4V5YM2SoHEDF8JFzHPB/s990/ozette.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="990" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii3Egx-7bjdWL6mAUl7z1DD2PTJQKeI06NErEaKjWuMM2ZmMixfoKqDHAL1Cxd_HIz-lq7w4ErzSkeBPZrkhLmHN2iuJz-lkc3q6XFHibWQmlebupg3-0m81aVAW6DDP0bCoyV4fRvWjpKxfvkMfeDQqfNAGDJkCN3dD0Bx4V5YM2SoHEDF8JFzHPB/s600/ozette.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHdqrVYQBueEozHTroK2ojRxTjU8bnty9_pbyHK7S4ohAX_0he_Fg92WDHhduL8LKwrMwuR7bhAJKjJ9r6mnTWYcp-nPdBIpTVundQctfHSFD4XPbRZ0Dq1A19NR6hBpz8udoD-Ot3bgR7l3AcoaSal4B4gjuEdsAxcrX4iah7FjL-E6-eFvzfC-T8/s350/Ozette_village.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="237" data-original-width="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHdqrVYQBueEozHTroK2ojRxTjU8bnty9_pbyHK7S4ohAX_0he_Fg92WDHhduL8LKwrMwuR7bhAJKjJ9r6mnTWYcp-nPdBIpTVundQctfHSFD4XPbRZ0Dq1A19NR6hBpz8udoD-Ot3bgR7l3AcoaSal4B4gjuEdsAxcrX4iah7FjL-E6-eFvzfC-T8/s600/Ozette_village.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiig1aDvC2vEkaXuqcaoKrtomTDkIUDE_2PYvKPokycF6isEGOXhLyainYXeSoeS2GCH_uNtP3WJCIfSp-D6OyOcYiBmnx0kr3pK_mdVz27y5JNwmC9kFw8_KTv3SIiTG8p5HTs_Pg5q7ZOsW07lhRSZCbC2HMWy7sJ-iFNS9uCexTgXdLcvrOVlfXV/s976/p0cbr8dn.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="976" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiig1aDvC2vEkaXuqcaoKrtomTDkIUDE_2PYvKPokycF6isEGOXhLyainYXeSoeS2GCH_uNtP3WJCIfSp-D6OyOcYiBmnx0kr3pK_mdVz27y5JNwmC9kFw8_KTv3SIiTG8p5HTs_Pg5q7ZOsW07lhRSZCbC2HMWy7sJ-iFNS9uCexTgXdLcvrOVlfXV/s600/p0cbr8dn.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-kMlHamSLoLuBgXInS0N9Vhm8ZlU3ojResBMyTWSiG7hw20fS5ybpdNg0oT18qIXld6Dz2i3MiwzKE-iDKs1NshdBhxOV9IzBB24irZWHOVvEXMv0kLqVEHSw8vc6PuLACeZNnkyDrC7Sx7-ZYkbztwu8uLMw8TzxQfA-ecxKGde9LXc6hybw_uM/s512/tumblr_05770224e31464361af9ccbfc0ee289d_f9176f22_540.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz-kMlHamSLoLuBgXInS0N9Vhm8ZlU3ojResBMyTWSiG7hw20fS5ybpdNg0oT18qIXld6Dz2i3MiwzKE-iDKs1NshdBhxOV9IzBB24irZWHOVvEXMv0kLqVEHSw8vc6PuLACeZNnkyDrC7Sx7-ZYkbztwu8uLMw8TzxQfA-ecxKGde9LXc6hybw_uM/s600/tumblr_05770224e31464361af9ccbfc0ee289d_f9176f22_540.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p> </p><p><b>O is for <a href="https://www.visitocracokenc.com/" target="_blank">Ocracoke Island, North Carolina</a></b>,
The Island of Ocracoke is a part of the Outer Banks and one of the most remote islands in the long string of barrier islands that makes up Cape Hatteras National Seashore. There are no bridges to Ocracoke Island, but there is a car ferry at both ends of the island. The crossing from Hatteras takes ~60 minutes. </p><p>The oyster and clam shell fragments dominating this shell "hash" are not their original color. These are secondary colors. Shells acquire a stain when iron minerals in the sand – <a href="https://geology.com/minerals/ilmenite.shtml" target="_blank">ilmenite</a> and magnetite, degrade and gets into the interstices of the shell. This happens when shells are exposed to oxygen on or near the surface of the beach. The yellow-brown stain is iron oxide or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonite" target="_blank">limonite</a>. </p><p>The black shells are stained with iron sulfide. This happens when shells are buried in mud or rotting seaweed in the absence of oxygen. Often beaches with replenished sands have black shells too; this sand could also have been dredged from depths in the ocean. The longer the burial in an anoxic environment, the blacker the stain.
Intermixed with the shell fragments are grains of quartz and feldspar. The roundish orb with the “black spots” is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" target="_blank">bryozoan</a> as is the similar artifact on the left side of the photo. In both cases the pores are being filled with tiny sand grains. </p><p>This area of the Outer Banks has a rich cultural history. The area's nickname is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_of_the_Atlantic" target="_blank">Graveyard of the Atlantic</a>. It's called that because of the treacherous water and hundreds of shipwrecks sunk due to war, piracy or weather. In addition to those causes, the shifting sand on the shallow ocean bottom causes the inlets to always be changing location and depth making navigation a challenge. A museum with the same "graveyard" name in <a href="https://www.hatterassandsrvpark.com/?page_id=158">Hatteras Village</a> has thousands of artifacts and aims to interpret the area's rich maritime culture. (Note: It is temporarily closed but expects to reopen Spring 2023.) </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvo2JdAIR9qLR-cepPJQISDPpfMWuUWTavxTn-g0wq5rqAhyGpkHyFp4Zqol8LsKtY8E5vyNJGRBx3QnRUwoNHp7-EYYSE_33EzOdiWosBgRDY0Mp0SmzWL0wPpheBOdepRMR-qV_s_aCsvqU5Rr6BQHAv9NUm0zt5gOEmWzXk9HlO_WC66-XITRRu/s1000/HatterasCottage1-2.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="1000" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvo2JdAIR9qLR-cepPJQISDPpfMWuUWTavxTn-g0wq5rqAhyGpkHyFp4Zqol8LsKtY8E5vyNJGRBx3QnRUwoNHp7-EYYSE_33EzOdiWosBgRDY0Mp0SmzWL0wPpheBOdepRMR-qV_s_aCsvqU5Rr6BQHAv9NUm0zt5gOEmWzXk9HlO_WC66-XITRRu/w640-h300/HatterasCottage1-2.webp" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRw8swTKoJ2KXyk_IMRSt0O4UqoU99MgacUO_eWc5iVePUjh2TAC1AruwoDqCDc7NxMCtz307Uj39dGPYJqdFbia7cCgT7HK7sI8sySZ5RENw3fCg-59g53CkpeHhgWBwLbj_B_tcuULRL-mX7THGJm7scNWsge_G9J64wRl7upSpTRxEGIoUk5Zph/s1430/shutterstock-2097326335.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="952" data-original-width="1430" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRw8swTKoJ2KXyk_IMRSt0O4UqoU99MgacUO_eWc5iVePUjh2TAC1AruwoDqCDc7NxMCtz307Uj39dGPYJqdFbia7cCgT7HK7sI8sySZ5RENw3fCg-59g53CkpeHhgWBwLbj_B_tcuULRL-mX7THGJm7scNWsge_G9J64wRl7upSpTRxEGIoUk5Zph/w640-h426/shutterstock-2097326335.webp" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>The islands of the Outer Bank have been home to Native Americans, farmers, fishermen, enslaved people, pirates, and today, year-round residents. The island has seen hurricanes, civil war battles, the construction of lighthouses, hundreds of shipwrecks, the birth of the coast guard, and the death of Blackbeard (Edward Teach), the notorious pirate who frequently anchored offshore. </p><p>From a geological point of view, the islands that make up the Outer Banks are dynamic and continually change in position. There is nothing to prevent the waves, winds and tides from re-sculpting the shoreline. Nonetheless, on-going beach replenishment projects are part of the strategy to battle the shifting sands and rising sea levels. </p><p>For those who follow Dr. Beach's "America's Best Beaches" – Ocracoke Lifeguard Beach, North Carolina earned his #1spot in 2022.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaFINiNy9D8lzDFS6pCv7eqV2DLihMfpFw4G5Fam33zB55JB7E7sHLNbTuJGJGGZwSjifUPe0s6nXwTobLpQ4EUnSLd5rER0QWq1vXApxx-x_K47le717i0cpT8RjK3WSU8QR0D5dBoCADuSmj4Uc4P8cMViw3oVDiHOarA3WFAaNQpZ2mkpDP2AwS/s1441/328108213_737033604494546_2384000264658103820_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1441" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaFINiNy9D8lzDFS6pCv7eqV2DLihMfpFw4G5Fam33zB55JB7E7sHLNbTuJGJGGZwSjifUPe0s6nXwTobLpQ4EUnSLd5rER0QWq1vXApxx-x_K47le717i0cpT8RjK3WSU8QR0D5dBoCADuSmj4Uc4P8cMViw3oVDiHOarA3WFAaNQpZ2mkpDP2AwS/w640-h426/328108213_737033604494546_2384000264658103820_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNVfCKIgwhqVXYUjYFbLs-IL7IAtzX_XO--2xcHFmJ9mHEQO3qqHDREpE9rrAys_42eP4YKQ-lgLzopWrlTRwfE67l726Vwg6mx2mUtCHcCzyveCGySUR97vO6cJTPOw9EPMHmCL87QC25dN012IH5jefL6z46MFlPDvU7Io4YX8erfFN6g0iU_p0/s1441/328658936_1168104217204933_8068026018164270870_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1441" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfNVfCKIgwhqVXYUjYFbLs-IL7IAtzX_XO--2xcHFmJ9mHEQO3qqHDREpE9rrAys_42eP4YKQ-lgLzopWrlTRwfE67l726Vwg6mx2mUtCHcCzyveCGySUR97vO6cJTPOw9EPMHmCL87QC25dN012IH5jefL6z46MFlPDvU7Io4YX8erfFN6g0iU_p0/w640-h426/328658936_1168104217204933_8068026018164270870_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<b>P is for <a href="https://www.puertoricodaytrips.com/pinones-posita/" target="_blank">La Pocita de Pinones</a>, Puerto Rico. </b>This beach (also spelled La Posita) is located east of San Juan, on Puerto Rico's north coast on the Atlantic. Every grain in this sample is highly polished from rolling in the surf. It almost looks like a bowl of candy.
Sea urchin spines are green and purple. Rods of coralline algae are creamy yellow. Coral fragments are irregularly shaped and mottled in color. Bright pink homotrema (an encrusting foram) is scattered around the sample. Other disk shaped forams are scattered in the sample as are ribbed caecum shells.
This variety of marine life found in this sample reflects the vast diversity of organisms in the reefs around Puerto Rico. However, like reefs elsewhere in the world, those around Puerto Rico have declined due to a myriad of threats including overfishing, pollution and the impacts of climate change.
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhFfz0HyqbJThRJgWFL1eFxNkmJZIr8ycg0yc6REiSBkIw_tSDHpOD0cD7bl3uGiMiMv1xnJnX0zUyLsEyUpJDLasROXe3aTznmfZelRO9nglC76GAqFoFwE3bcCLBs02ix9hPN7Ovw9a27LQhC3hajP3plLX0AjT130mxwGCOExqap3dHkeKWgIGK/s2048/329984146_1234213234173020_1693806414934476086_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhFfz0HyqbJThRJgWFL1eFxNkmJZIr8ycg0yc6REiSBkIw_tSDHpOD0cD7bl3uGiMiMv1xnJnX0zUyLsEyUpJDLasROXe3aTznmfZelRO9nglC76GAqFoFwE3bcCLBs02ix9hPN7Ovw9a27LQhC3hajP3plLX0AjT130mxwGCOExqap3dHkeKWgIGK/s600/329984146_1234213234173020_1693806414934476086_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZraM_2QoefLcDdaiLlj1XHSq6uR3bFuI-b40Rv6XBCPI6v8FhiAompS3n-lLpZDzEqxUPuqkiVYWMjWQ5TRW5DnP2AXZ03lPaZRvKUI0WtSNlhListtuPnW3dFLb7hWvp6GuEp4S0Dq7CAX8BtUo18Im7NXSMVp57pkPGzV8bfb50FEUSl994owJG/s2048/330036511_971102270540002_7166386507444496455_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1361" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZraM_2QoefLcDdaiLlj1XHSq6uR3bFuI-b40Rv6XBCPI6v8FhiAompS3n-lLpZDzEqxUPuqkiVYWMjWQ5TRW5DnP2AXZ03lPaZRvKUI0WtSNlhListtuPnW3dFLb7hWvp6GuEp4S0Dq7CAX8BtUo18Im7NXSMVp57pkPGzV8bfb50FEUSl994owJG/s600/330036511_971102270540002_7166386507444496455_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<br /></p><p><b>Q is for <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Qochyax+Island/@43.3377778,-124.3777778,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e2!3m6!1sAF1QipMeC_dXdhI-JbfAerkrqbde0tN4l1HASLFxFlLX!2e10!3e12!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMeC_dXdhI-JbfAerkrqbde0tN4l1HASLFxFlLX%3Dw114-h86-k-no!7i4608!8i3456!4m7!3m6!1s0x54c3789dfc0496d7:0x85b145fa1c7eb9b7!8m2!3d43.3377778!4d-124.3777778!10e5!16s%2Fg%2F1vxfzx3h" target="_blank">Qochyax Island, Charleston, Oregon</a>.</b> This is a busy sand and nearly all biological in origin. It reflects the rich marine environment off the rocky coast near Charleston, Oregon, near Coos Bay. That's about mid-way down Oregon's scenic coastline. If you attended SandFest in September 2022, you likely collected from this cove above Sunset Bay State Park. During low tides, Qochyax Island (pronounced Coke-yaw) is connected to the mainland via a land bridge; that's where this sample was collected.
Sea urchin are represented by fragments of their spines and their tests (or bodies) – the rectangular fragments with the pores and the tubercules (bumps) where the spines attach. Some urchin spines are purple, others are green reflecting the two different urchin species that inhabit these waters.
The segmented and branched item is a segment of red coralline algae (phylum rhodophyta). It is red when alive, but the color quickly fades.
Marine worms are represented here too. Directly in the center is a coiled fragment of a spiral tubeworm. In the upper left quadrant is a worm tube fragment with grains of sand and shells cemented together constructed by another worm. In case you are keeping track, the quartz and feldspar grains in the worm tube are the non-biological component of this sample.
The fragment with the red bumps is a segment of a sea star body. The other segment with pink is the tip of a sea star arm (closer to center of the photo).
Barnacle plates are abundant too. Look for creamy yellow-colored fragments with tubes. If you've found one, look for others with that same color.
What else? Gastropods and bivalves are scattered in the sample, including one blue mussel. The rod with the pores (lower right) is a bryozoan. The winged-shaped fragment with the blue-green iridescence on the tips (a little left of center) is a dorsal plate from a chiton.
Keep looking. You'll probably find other interesting grains too. Ahh yes, memories of a great day collecting and exploring the Oregon coast!
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_Rkk--jlYaRdjmBK94EOueBep8Iq599AfK8Oe892a3A7dZCgGMA5tZ6B0t7BWD2iGfakaddBnbioKbKwBKvhvjQo9ig9u8HrYiiqQx5g6JQkBLWjz_1E0EFKPQLI4ro357-ivFrCDAvpb17YCxcD4WsauizNAJBCjtfMV6avDuoqZfk2GMu7wAsn/s2048/q1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_Rkk--jlYaRdjmBK94EOueBep8Iq599AfK8Oe892a3A7dZCgGMA5tZ6B0t7BWD2iGfakaddBnbioKbKwBKvhvjQo9ig9u8HrYiiqQx5g6JQkBLWjz_1E0EFKPQLI4ro357-ivFrCDAvpb17YCxcD4WsauizNAJBCjtfMV6avDuoqZfk2GMu7wAsn/w640-h426/q1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLjbY4iFCkreqrMEG_z9uzTDALeZmFeg7fvw4ps-Z5NXy-iTZET9PKYnYNFbezpk2Hs7qOf16K3hB1uMUzpgplWsLXmhPMu3YawMKn1P-oLWBvkKty2QZcObAdHvn4TeJ8NkHjg_5mDIR7acswe6a3WyGP9YyJwy9tRFqQhPAtAlC2n3v6POnGZIkA/s2048/q2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1361" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLjbY4iFCkreqrMEG_z9uzTDALeZmFeg7fvw4ps-Z5NXy-iTZET9PKYnYNFbezpk2Hs7qOf16K3hB1uMUzpgplWsLXmhPMu3YawMKn1P-oLWBvkKty2QZcObAdHvn4TeJ8NkHjg_5mDIR7acswe6a3WyGP9YyJwy9tRFqQhPAtAlC2n3v6POnGZIkA/w640-h426/q2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju-FreB5gopE_5kpChcs_ro--MkWjYInXZnF0vXeLG3rtLZRrPsk3MEVSNTip_I7KlofojlQjKFLiTmFBaDhz8P2KcoBNf2hTl4zLfZ2W2vLSAurZvZ6TGtf5GTIlP8-rYDx3UKP4w_BHrrjrzl5k78yBSJU2Dt47gNcWlA5AdS4hBIn9C50U_TYTC/s1440/330163566_1244899266441381_1364544679364629703_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1081" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju-FreB5gopE_5kpChcs_ro--MkWjYInXZnF0vXeLG3rtLZRrPsk3MEVSNTip_I7KlofojlQjKFLiTmFBaDhz8P2KcoBNf2hTl4zLfZ2W2vLSAurZvZ6TGtf5GTIlP8-rYDx3UKP4w_BHrrjrzl5k78yBSJU2Dt47gNcWlA5AdS4hBIn9C50U_TYTC/s600/330163566_1244899266441381_1364544679364629703_n.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTP3W0nwQ8Ylfc-r6n2aNYw6h0-Flo3gBQsxiF9HNKhgh1QPvuCMXjINJV_GIzrr5w5ekFpcXSJoalM82Qzz9kqMC12eS825NKrK9U2Rb5CmCK3snVg2S2W0jCjmioulhp8bUmXk5Pa3YOsD8yeEnG_60kn08ETZDd1nzPqRhYbuDaBIQtZj3AEceT/s1439/330792860_506811011657154_3863597138626700784_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1439" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTP3W0nwQ8Ylfc-r6n2aNYw6h0-Flo3gBQsxiF9HNKhgh1QPvuCMXjINJV_GIzrr5w5ekFpcXSJoalM82Qzz9kqMC12eS825NKrK9U2Rb5CmCK3snVg2S2W0jCjmioulhp8bUmXk5Pa3YOsD8yeEnG_60kn08ETZDd1nzPqRhYbuDaBIQtZj3AEceT/s600/330792860_506811011657154_3863597138626700784_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPgw47g56rJTOFDjgoFByPtzTDglDv6C7L1gYX8-HruGZsX7odn9mo0OimgbSnqm_6eX2flWN78-cmFdzLkQYpjU9UPYkjlPBlKTTImHM7wUymZ2b1gpq1MQGUrMuEHsX0TIEB8c-1OJ7e1NLL1L0jdUPoTNHf3zjbH5DiFlsCIjDFYYGSFkvx5Bes/s1444/330916216_1168169017220515_1607196211955764956_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPgw47g56rJTOFDjgoFByPtzTDglDv6C7L1gYX8-HruGZsX7odn9mo0OimgbSnqm_6eX2flWN78-cmFdzLkQYpjU9UPYkjlPBlKTTImHM7wUymZ2b1gpq1MQGUrMuEHsX0TIEB8c-1OJ7e1NLL1L0jdUPoTNHf3zjbH5DiFlsCIjDFYYGSFkvx5Bes/s600/330916216_1168169017220515_1607196211955764956_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXNtrZV-XQ_sRMPtlgYLLimhZSWvHEFv9PGwvta8JrPQgumrZvrLWGlEOO1YJdZbxpNN8wDhmwvWBm1SyE6ysrdyFqZVA7s16pVLYCA3jDiTB4PgyRnCyUArL6D_OJKuN0FhjNos8vPPtbQNiQ7C1DtNRMIwgRBEjKQBS3zhUCrv28pDWDir1M_vTX/s1275/330989559_1124377261566109_5731195041312828000_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1275" data-original-width="960" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXNtrZV-XQ_sRMPtlgYLLimhZSWvHEFv9PGwvta8JrPQgumrZvrLWGlEOO1YJdZbxpNN8wDhmwvWBm1SyE6ysrdyFqZVA7s16pVLYCA3jDiTB4PgyRnCyUArL6D_OJKuN0FhjNos8vPPtbQNiQ7C1DtNRMIwgRBEjKQBS3zhUCrv28pDWDir1M_vTX/s600/330989559_1124377261566109_5731195041312828000_n.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjnBDYvmzhy0oEYO8XK49CRmzL6NKOvUCrit0lWsdgAxJBPn5QgyXUUAHugolfkGbukMsO-r80CZhdNGfUyDPhosARsiSwnzpffje5t297cUT-qvyaQGsx0Q7r26CB233P4cEOEdOJqxHdkYqiM-B3gAaMq4XCAaHldTbufXCiESC02o09zrL4c01V/s1440/331060272_724885745794979_1763495903433211185_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1186" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjnBDYvmzhy0oEYO8XK49CRmzL6NKOvUCrit0lWsdgAxJBPn5QgyXUUAHugolfkGbukMsO-r80CZhdNGfUyDPhosARsiSwnzpffje5t297cUT-qvyaQGsx0Q7r26CB233P4cEOEdOJqxHdkYqiM-B3gAaMq4XCAaHldTbufXCiESC02o09zrL4c01V/s600/331060272_724885745794979_1763495903433211185_n.jpg" /> </a><span style="color: black;"> <i>Jutting
out from the Oregon shoreline above Sunset Bay is a hammer-shaped
extension of rocky outcrops connected by spits of accumulated sediment.
Qochyax (Coke-yaw) Island is the largest element and accessible only at
low tide. This tectonically active coast features several faults and
boasts diverse mineral deposits. But, the sand in this sample is
biological in origin.</i></span><i>
</i></div><p class="font_7" style="font-size: 16px;"><i><span style="color: black;">Crustacean and echinoderm remains are
dominant here. Fragments with wavy lines or parallel channels are from
barnacles, sessile crustaceans encased in tent-like limestone plates. In
addition to familiar sea urchin spines, this sample includes knobbly
white and tan chunks—fragments of seastar or brittlestar skeletal
ossicles. Also present are the distinctively loose spirals of vermetid
snail shells, chunks of consolidated sand grains from polychaete worm
tubes, a broken tip of a crab claw, and seed-shaped chambered tests of
forams.</span></i></p><p class="font_7" style="font-size: 16px;"><i><span style="color: black;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4_4yxfpcK7k4gRKhT9jyGA9PCg2U-jzVfAwvl-BiwMFgifRv5Pj0K_st45_PYTGAohZIVd5GAnDtFOV7j9NpCUtP_wprfDI7Spt38TK8tqAKFZ2etJcvjq8p16VzsOeyqOO4oaMxZx0Hy0A23dCHWhn88O0v0WiYmn5Go7g3hIkkwpN2f10ml0sIz/s893/SquawIls-1.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="893" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4_4yxfpcK7k4gRKhT9jyGA9PCg2U-jzVfAwvl-BiwMFgifRv5Pj0K_st45_PYTGAohZIVd5GAnDtFOV7j9NpCUtP_wprfDI7Spt38TK8tqAKFZ2etJcvjq8p16VzsOeyqOO4oaMxZx0Hy0A23dCHWhn88O0v0WiYmn5Go7g3hIkkwpN2f10ml0sIz/w640-h484/SquawIls-1.webp" width="640" /></a></i></div><i> </i><p></p><p class="font_7" style="font-size: 16px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirWtWm0knvsdlOIxTeyBaKFQan3W_cfABU-AQWMfeexNroeeuMzadwXotMq7Y_FzqQD96TfMWfcmHnuqQa4PnTHKUANs6F_7H4Ro8wr3FNHsPFrioSmh5OCpoOSrzmGdMKSKwL0wDdBjCLO72XLezYYZrlfIgZTNN9Lhg9Cla8xkgVvDIAqoz045El/s640/ancient-stumps-and-qochyax-island-at-sunset-bay-.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirWtWm0knvsdlOIxTeyBaKFQan3W_cfABU-AQWMfeexNroeeuMzadwXotMq7Y_FzqQD96TfMWfcmHnuqQa4PnTHKUANs6F_7H4Ro8wr3FNHsPFrioSmh5OCpoOSrzmGdMKSKwL0wDdBjCLO72XLezYYZrlfIgZTNN9Lhg9Cla8xkgVvDIAqoz045El/w640-h480/ancient-stumps-and-qochyax-island-at-sunset-bay-.webp" width="640" /></a></p><br /> </div><p>
<b>R is for<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritidian_Point" target="_blank"> Ritidian Point, Guam.</a></b> Guam is a U.S. territory (like Puerto Rico), and the largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Archipelago, located about 13° north of the equator in the western Pacific Ocean. It is about 3,800 miles west of Honolulu and Tokyo is yet another 1,500 miles west, just a four-hour flight. Ritidian Point is the northernmost point of the island. It is owned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service which administers the area as part of the Guam National Wildlife Refuge. The U.S. military has long had a military presence on Guam and still maintains both naval and air bases. </p><p>Guam has a composite geology: it is a volcanic island completely surrounded by a limestone plateau formed by reefs: fringing, patch, submerged, and barrier reefs along with offshore banks. The fringing reef at <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/pslee999/29610014224" target="_blank">Ritidian Point</a> is relatively flat, shallow and is teaming with marine life. Much of the island's shoreline has limestone cliffs. In contrast, evidence of the island's volcanic origins can be found at the mouth of the Ylig River. There you'll find a heavy mineral sand full of magnetite and olivine that gets washed down the river from the highlands. </p><p>Guam lies close to the center of high coral reef biodiversity in the western Pacific and has extensive and vibrant coral reef ecosystems in both shallow and deep waters. The biodiversity is considered the highest of any U.S. jurisdiction. Around Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, there are approximately 377 species of hard corals, 200 species of soft corals, plus 1000 species of fish and lots more marine life. As on reefs around the world, Guam's reefs range from being in excellent to poor condition depending on factors such as adjacent land use, accessibility, river discharge, and recreation. </p><p>The reefs benefit the island. Not only do they provide an essential source of food, but the shallow-water reefs protect the coastlines. Guam is in the middle of the tropical Pacific typhoon belt and averages one substantial storm every year or so. The reefs protect the island's infrastructure by weakening the wave energy from the storms. </p><p>The sand here is entirely of reef origin. The puffy star and disc forams are particularly abundant. The puffy stars are from the genus Baculogypsina (sphaerulata?). The flat disc-shaped forams with pores are from the genus Marginopora (vertebralis?). The pink fragments are the encrusting foram Homotrema rubra. These three forams are common through the Indo-Pacific. Other grains include broken and whole molluscs, chalky white marine worms, small coral fragments, crab claws, sea urchin spines and body plates, and flat segment of Halimeda–a green alga that calcifies in warm, super-saturated, carbonate waters. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHaUuU0M8z-Ex4IiRYMRwbGtnkIU5KGVpDeHnTUnjcdeEwipz8DqYVRW9FK7VAh-8ZusjvEvUaHz2Yxno0iSLxeQcWH64xbsDuVkOWyd8BF3QzAF3bDQH_uUDOiD9CkPDQIQG89AeDzqcQ9aQj6uPjipYTzaA0cjSC1zq5MJBaDKAZcD-TrUAN1z0l/s1440/318446711_1136718127009252_6209955729704336853_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1440" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHaUuU0M8z-Ex4IiRYMRwbGtnkIU5KGVpDeHnTUnjcdeEwipz8DqYVRW9FK7VAh-8ZusjvEvUaHz2Yxno0iSLxeQcWH64xbsDuVkOWyd8BF3QzAF3bDQH_uUDOiD9CkPDQIQG89AeDzqcQ9aQj6uPjipYTzaA0cjSC1zq5MJBaDKAZcD-TrUAN1z0l/w640-h426/318446711_1136718127009252_6209955729704336853_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjexwdJa5UirlLZh5a0GZ9gjPncLpXZwJnh8tN0IY_5DBNsubR8h9MsESTpoO4CoR-Nm0E8WHYqmU-ra1OdOzy5EOf3mWtAuZ6JX1Oa5SIaf_88rgGUG4UeJpFyAwnSaxulAQCm-wzPvE0kdeAT_w7Rfb3PJElQfRFydvt0Mp6bqlmP5BFVu2pKDdKV/s1441/331430148_913563806509922_3427458072184351661_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1441" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjexwdJa5UirlLZh5a0GZ9gjPncLpXZwJnh8tN0IY_5DBNsubR8h9MsESTpoO4CoR-Nm0E8WHYqmU-ra1OdOzy5EOf3mWtAuZ6JX1Oa5SIaf_88rgGUG4UeJpFyAwnSaxulAQCm-wzPvE0kdeAT_w7Rfb3PJElQfRFydvt0Mp6bqlmP5BFVu2pKDdKV/w640-h426/331430148_913563806509922_3427458072184351661_n.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk4tLV-cQZ_tRh_b6MUYXtJyTxHP864rZW3SYitJOwaAAA_m1BlL8Ibrc0-a4QzCZWYNf6vVn1DUbUgbDgqTNsKNAwmfb9L-XjTUtfmZJhdw33VWPewJi31DzkQmf2UhXa1ii-G6K-lz0O5LuIKW5bMz7CO1MmgFtaiio9w_ss3hVBYbfg8uS2-VEn/s640/j8aw7gwtos501.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="640" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk4tLV-cQZ_tRh_b6MUYXtJyTxHP864rZW3SYitJOwaAAA_m1BlL8Ibrc0-a4QzCZWYNf6vVn1DUbUgbDgqTNsKNAwmfb9L-XjTUtfmZJhdw33VWPewJi31DzkQmf2UhXa1ii-G6K-lz0O5LuIKW5bMz7CO1MmgFtaiio9w_ss3hVBYbfg8uS2-VEn/w640-h360/j8aw7gwtos501.webp" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div> <p></p><p>
<b>S is for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_Island" target="_blank">Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska</a>. </b>St. Lawrence Island (SLI) is located west of mainland Alaska in the Bering Sea, ~100 miles (160 km) west of the Alaskan mainland. There are two main communities on the island, Savonnga on the northern coast and Gambell on the northwest cape. The island is part of Alaska but closer to Russia and Asia. SLI is the largest island in the Bering Sea, approximately 100 miles (160 km) long (from east to west), and it averages 20 miles (32 km) in width. </p><p>The island is jointly owned by the Yup’ik of Gambell and Savoonga. The Yup’ik who live there have TVs and modern implements and technology, but they still engage in fishing, reindeer herding, and hunting walrus and whale. It is a way of life for them. Reindeer, non-native to SLI, were introduced in the early 1900s to bolster the economy and as a source of subsistence meat. The Yup’ik people are known for the carving skills. For years, they have carved objects from walrus ivory and whale bone. And as the Yup’ik own the island, they may legally sell fossilized ivory and other artifacts found on the island. About 1400 people lived on SLI today; most are Yup’ik. Archaeological evidence suggests that the island has been Inhabited intermittently for ~2000 years. </p><p>Here's trivia and history. The island was visited by the Dutch/Russian explorer Vitus Bering on St. Lawrence's Day, August 10, 1728, and he named the island after the day of his visit. The Bering Strait, which links the Arctic and Pacific oceans, was also named after this explorer. The term "Beringia" was coined by a Swedish botanist in 1937 and refers to the submerged landmass that used to bridge the gap between North America and Siberia during the last ice age when sea levels were as much as 325 - 490 ft (100 - 150 meters) lower than now. Beringia was ice free – the air was too dry to snow, and the land connected North America and Siberia and allowed people to migrate. Today, the people on SLI share lineage and a common language (Siberian Yup’ik) with neighbors in Russia across the Bering Strait. St. Lawrence Island and a few other nearby islands are exposed remnants of Beringia. </p><p>The two sands pictured here are from two different beaches near Savoonga. The sample with the yellow-green olivine signifies a nearby volcano. And indeed, the central part of the island is dominated by a shield volcano that rises to an elevation of 2066 ft (630 meters). The black in that sample is basalt; the reddish grains are scoria, another volcanic rock. The island is largely of volcanic origin. The other photograph captures bits of marine organisms found in the near-shore region: a sea urchin spine, creamy colored barnacles plates, and blue mussel fragments. That sample also includes basalt and red scoria. </p><p>The island is home to far more seabirds than humans-–about 2.7 million seabirds during migratory season. The abundance of seabirds and marine mammals can be credited to the Anadyr Current. This brings nutrient-rich water from the depths of the Bering Sea to nourish marine life in the open water and the near shore marine life. Birding at Gambell is considered among the finest in Alaska. </p><p>Low mountains cover nearly half of the island. Steep cliffs border the mountainous regions and are the nesting places of sea birds. Much of the island is low and wet with tundra ponds. At higher elevations, the dry tundra is covered with moss and lichen. There are no trees on SLI except dwarf willow trees that are maybe a foot tall.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNuqt7VubcGz4LNLhqkVHqs0u9VsgOE3_VPZRZpqmlMlb56NutNPhJhCeHmy61Jdlcdc52-d0VssdIUm7pt2Lt_89Pb4WZjBEBT_qTy4UnKDePDDD_PIaZp5zEYOKzgEt8WMq8C4rwrVsglhwJPHZ7zvYvdikz4_cTEfJ3aOajRGOz45bwpCjAbz5R/s1444/331020723_3011372149168449_6009355070986477886_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1444" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNuqt7VubcGz4LNLhqkVHqs0u9VsgOE3_VPZRZpqmlMlb56NutNPhJhCeHmy61Jdlcdc52-d0VssdIUm7pt2Lt_89Pb4WZjBEBT_qTy4UnKDePDDD_PIaZp5zEYOKzgEt8WMq8C4rwrVsglhwJPHZ7zvYvdikz4_cTEfJ3aOajRGOz45bwpCjAbz5R/w640-h426/331020723_3011372149168449_6009355070986477886_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx21sxJAqd8gR1_jOKarqMBpR1Vs_sRmN51yYRYb4E2eStBXxALiCgvLUFz0z0LWsfRtyKAMYRKILcdF-uSTcud3Ku8m7VW0QpwI8fLuHedaYR7-HkGyGv2iIPpDSeIW69mhvz6fKYfMo8dAQlLklHgXH5wTaNMx087kSO9GAe-2OM49x9xu-bLdPX/s1444/331071715_646658560803689_4393853498383303707_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1444" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx21sxJAqd8gR1_jOKarqMBpR1Vs_sRmN51yYRYb4E2eStBXxALiCgvLUFz0z0LWsfRtyKAMYRKILcdF-uSTcud3Ku8m7VW0QpwI8fLuHedaYR7-HkGyGv2iIPpDSeIW69mhvz6fKYfMo8dAQlLklHgXH5wTaNMx087kSO9GAe-2OM49x9xu-bLdPX/w640-h426/331071715_646658560803689_4393853498383303707_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfHpX36BF7Ux6YHcZVQsc88_Tj29v9nKQEv-KoYRTcdOn-riR-sKLOZ-MO_gC0rIi8gxe1mVbrqauOu1XaJrB6Yeg3qRvfuMn0Xxva8z2uERFK8fI0avWftp7hrYU_kSsPuEN920Ym_pHDa12dpJK1jr2sJbhpEYHTrUN2Tue0uZjgq8NO-GbVNqs2/s1440/332144986_917148046139684_8535321014250762452_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1440" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfHpX36BF7Ux6YHcZVQsc88_Tj29v9nKQEv-KoYRTcdOn-riR-sKLOZ-MO_gC0rIi8gxe1mVbrqauOu1XaJrB6Yeg3qRvfuMn0Xxva8z2uERFK8fI0avWftp7hrYU_kSsPuEN920Ym_pHDa12dpJK1jr2sJbhpEYHTrUN2Tue0uZjgq8NO-GbVNqs2/w640-h426/332144986_917148046139684_8535321014250762452_n.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4wlJo9PirP35NHGPWdWQ_sEyD-d82o7ulOCTrhzgvNLms_WCIn411D5eKeyJaWMaeh8svSaYnB9Vk5agGesfovf2rXZX_FAptspufBQICIKyE6_kbm_ZQfdNFVG4_vVQoJYORWsBBFIwsXZNsqYCZYMjyuu2bqxwU4fw45E4-qAH9ZaTtRFNutb7/s764/bs13_sq_10916.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="764" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4wlJo9PirP35NHGPWdWQ_sEyD-d82o7ulOCTrhzgvNLms_WCIn411D5eKeyJaWMaeh8svSaYnB9Vk5agGesfovf2rXZX_FAptspufBQICIKyE6_kbm_ZQfdNFVG4_vVQoJYORWsBBFIwsXZNsqYCZYMjyuu2bqxwU4fw45E4-qAH9ZaTtRFNutb7/w640-h426/bs13_sq_10916.webp" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-QCIIBEBp6xjnicUype2sodoVpjJvk4t9-KAbnyuO-Py914WbnQ_rtmDug9VUNWz6pLVYil8wbL_dT3x2xtjEGFrHvbnlk21O7L5Q1Ifb8yEcCbZ3w2NadUE6h8rVCO6V3qScAxnSF4UFZ0WGv4qpHN7uEExEN1Sq93kjogfuMewmHadX19HO3sR5/s2010/bs13_sq_03541-scaled.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1340" data-original-width="2010" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-QCIIBEBp6xjnicUype2sodoVpjJvk4t9-KAbnyuO-Py914WbnQ_rtmDug9VUNWz6pLVYil8wbL_dT3x2xtjEGFrHvbnlk21O7L5Q1Ifb8yEcCbZ3w2NadUE6h8rVCO6V3qScAxnSF4UFZ0WGv4qpHN7uEExEN1Sq93kjogfuMewmHadX19HO3sR5/w640-h426/bs13_sq_03541-scaled.webp" width="640" /></a></div><p><br />
<b> </b></p><p><b>T is for Trinitite.</b> On July 13, 1945 the world’s first nuclear device was exploded at the <a href="https://www.energy.gov/lm/trinity-site-worlds-first-nuclear-explosion">Trinity Site within the Jornada del Muerto Desert</a> near Alamogordo, New Mexico. The atomic bomb was detonated atop a 100-foot steel tower producing a brilliant flash of light as temperatures rose about 9000°F and sand and debris were sucked into the atmosphere. A half mile wide crater remained where the tower had stood. The intense heat fused sand into a green glass-like sheet. That material is now known as trinitite. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitite" target="_blank">Trinitite</a> is mostly composed of quartz and feldspar as well as other materials. It is usually a light green in color. Small amounts of red and even rarer black trinitite are also found. The light green color is from iron in the sand. Red trinitite gets its color from copper electrical wiring consumed in the explosion. Black trinitite contains iron from the support tower. Air transport of molten trinitite resulted in teardrop, spheroid, and dumbbell shaped grains. </p><p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/11/22/this-is-how-humanitys-first-nuclear-explosion-created-a-new-radioactive-mineral/?sh=5afe1dfd49c9" target="_blank">Trinitite</a> was a popular souvenir for several years after WWII. In 1953, all trinitite on the site was buried by direction of the Atomic Energy Commission. It is now illegal to remove any remaining trinitite. Honey pot ants (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrmecocystus_mexicanus" target="_blank">Myrmecocystus mexicanus</a>) still bring trinitite to the surface where they dump it on the mound at the entrance to the colony. This sample was excavated by ants.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmhZy8jqs_owDETnbCq_RmSnzlXH5u2Rl1CCv9_yrRLLbCf15NpP99vHptxA8VLd8Xu3h2MY4KaIYs4poG863tsJLYdIsZabxG9uPkQJrdr0nqhNuFW0K43BqAZosmDixR_2EaP8ocgEAApQaL4v7UiDcUPi3_eccmeW63Ab4357qq2T4D-mYQGNl-/s2048/332470629_705273074653706_4865674819104804318_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmhZy8jqs_owDETnbCq_RmSnzlXH5u2Rl1CCv9_yrRLLbCf15NpP99vHptxA8VLd8Xu3h2MY4KaIYs4poG863tsJLYdIsZabxG9uPkQJrdr0nqhNuFW0K43BqAZosmDixR_2EaP8ocgEAApQaL4v7UiDcUPi3_eccmeW63Ab4357qq2T4D-mYQGNl-/w640-h426/332470629_705273074653706_4865674819104804318_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3bazk_sJJM_Fjuzoi6N0WSJLylgIfUOHW_HxT3michPRYflNkDr9gd9dBTsB2rZsMGcrRvoBVSEg7dPNurW2xYc76iMris-AelYlDgh4qXwI4p9pKM-o1WMVdLqWo5d2LPy66YCSGLBWC9rxm2VePp4oH3EaYbi02DotRovrbdGc2EvNxztT9Y5r8/s2048/332473147_604113001047810_7246271427590283153_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3bazk_sJJM_Fjuzoi6N0WSJLylgIfUOHW_HxT3michPRYflNkDr9gd9dBTsB2rZsMGcrRvoBVSEg7dPNurW2xYc76iMris-AelYlDgh4qXwI4p9pKM-o1WMVdLqWo5d2LPy66YCSGLBWC9rxm2VePp4oH3EaYbi02DotRovrbdGc2EvNxztT9Y5r8/w640-h426/332473147_604113001047810_7246271427590283153_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgio42Z0IzqaJVWzrHFxj4DsyRrygvVGy5yet1AO2CWGUSAYCEevw8JCCPOttL_7z5seM2fV9vxoscBN1muMAo2DeKKtl6cwVxnHMKyCKhD9tVvTKsb_cuA-AYwZvLiqd0dP1CV0Dw71G3wM3Kem7szrL0JvlJMcCX1KA9X6T298wQ66B6AUrIzNljl/s2048/332620858_869027794383664_2330237669969347820_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1363" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgio42Z0IzqaJVWzrHFxj4DsyRrygvVGy5yet1AO2CWGUSAYCEevw8JCCPOttL_7z5seM2fV9vxoscBN1muMAo2DeKKtl6cwVxnHMKyCKhD9tVvTKsb_cuA-AYwZvLiqd0dP1CV0Dw71G3wM3Kem7szrL0JvlJMcCX1KA9X6T298wQ66B6AUrIzNljl/w640-h426/332620858_869027794383664_2330237669969347820_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjje77PMao_fJi-2poz_26AffT3E1URoIhFj-nqPMcBTCvYjz4FQ46eZ3fncExwDa-c0z8PAAaKsMDy1Oj_DLKc9xpvkHi-OYGjId_4uP8sCc7ebaULnCG8QN4K-nMZEcqnsmklm4wanX-4jdQpo4rmJ1AlUmOS6VSn4hOo7RzgOcWTbut9ab_BIu6O/s2048/331976402_914352999759943_8793079701410480297_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjje77PMao_fJi-2poz_26AffT3E1URoIhFj-nqPMcBTCvYjz4FQ46eZ3fncExwDa-c0z8PAAaKsMDy1Oj_DLKc9xpvkHi-OYGjId_4uP8sCc7ebaULnCG8QN4K-nMZEcqnsmklm4wanX-4jdQpo4rmJ1AlUmOS6VSn4hOo7RzgOcWTbut9ab_BIu6O/w640-h426/331976402_914352999759943_8793079701410480297_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p>
<b>U is for Utah's <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Spiral+Jetty/@41.4376786,-112.6863754,14z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x80acab9fc2ca3a95:0xbf19e79a1c36cbf6!8m2!3d41.4376786!4d-112.6688659!16zL20vMDI3ZnNr?hl=en" target="_blank">Spiral Jetty in the Great Salt Lake</a>.</b> Spiral Jetty is an odd name for a location, but that is the name of a monumental earthwork in the shape of a 15-foot-wide spiral created by artist Robert Smithson in 1970 and located in the north arm of Great Salt Lake. The spiral is made of basalt and earth and stretches ~1500 feet into the lake. The earthwork is affected by fluctuations in lake level and is currently completely exposed because of the protracted drought in the Great Basin Desert. The drought also threatens the survival of Great Salt Lake, the largest hypersaline lake in North America. </p><p>As the lake shrinks, it becomes saltier. This threatens the food chain in the lake, in particular the brine shrimp whose eggs are used worldwide as food for farmed fish. Algae feed the brine shrimp and nourish brine flies. Conservationists estimate 10 million migratory birds stop at Great Salt Lake to feast on the shrimp and flies. Without the food the lake provides, the birds can't survive their migration. The reality is — the lake is disappearing. </p><p>The shallow saline water of Great Salt Lake has a modern ooid sand, and the smooth grains consist of a nucleus coated by layers of aragonite. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooid" target="_blank">ooid </a>nuclei are composed of sub-angular quartz grains or brine shrimp fecal pellets. How do they form? The mechanism of ooid growth continues to be a contentious topic among sedimentologists, but they agree a hypersaline environment and some microbial activity likely play a role of their formation. Beyond that, it's still a mystery.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhXskqRCoW04zNIdNEoil0iOCx_MMXAReTIdGfmJHlPzBtOykolrVnQHWJiEC8yHL9kJUwbKrX2D7sN5aGT06hGp1HdLTzYnd0Q2nPF3FsuNfgRRT-7MczK0Y_NeVqoq9LHJUtDJs6Zsd2hn-LFG4qQFf_rOYxO6WggSD9cEA6q3whi-YH1l4qKB_b/s2048/332781000_921689658867360_3760539207851216522_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhXskqRCoW04zNIdNEoil0iOCx_MMXAReTIdGfmJHlPzBtOykolrVnQHWJiEC8yHL9kJUwbKrX2D7sN5aGT06hGp1HdLTzYnd0Q2nPF3FsuNfgRRT-7MczK0Y_NeVqoq9LHJUtDJs6Zsd2hn-LFG4qQFf_rOYxO6WggSD9cEA6q3whi-YH1l4qKB_b/w640-h426/332781000_921689658867360_3760539207851216522_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r4yc3cwnf_-UCnf2nwcal_cfMTafIBFQPFN_c09SB4kh4P_TPaKhfMnG0YxbmuF1O8bntP0KGcIuN-aBDTQbKuVSK0f95zsCITetD0w7OjwHdu6NGUqLeiPfTvnowoI13N5vxQLbbExp2Fu25wTVhdhqIjas-TOlS7wcp8Pjkq40bdTBa4rf5kMi/s2400/deseret.brightspotcdn.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1606" data-original-width="2400" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9r4yc3cwnf_-UCnf2nwcal_cfMTafIBFQPFN_c09SB4kh4P_TPaKhfMnG0YxbmuF1O8bntP0KGcIuN-aBDTQbKuVSK0f95zsCITetD0w7OjwHdu6NGUqLeiPfTvnowoI13N5vxQLbbExp2Fu25wTVhdhqIjas-TOlS7wcp8Pjkq40bdTBa4rf5kMi/w640-h428/deseret.brightspotcdn.webp" width="640" /></a></div><br />
By Gary Shapiro, November 2019
Robert Smithson designed and directed the construction of his iconic work the <a href="https://www.diaart.org/visit/visit-our-locations-sites/robert-smithson-spiral-jetty" target="_blank">Spiral Jetty</a> in April 1970. The Jetty is a site-specific work, meant to interact with changing conditions of the surrounding water, land, and atmosphere. While located in a relatively barren, unpopulated place, Smithson chose the site not only because of the vast surrounding landscape, but with reference to nearby abandoned oil rigs and the Golden Spike monument marking the 1869 completion of the transcontinental railway. He understood these as industrial ruins, or entropic residues. The artist's essay "The Spiral Jetty" and the eponymous film he made with Nancy Holt, can be considered as coordinate "non-site" aspects of the artwork. In 2017 Utah designated the Spiral Jetty as the state's official work of art.
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQZZfI6zkELA_zUPvbRhxtLgCZcwcXfRcTo102y76NZ1pmEv4Q3eHMTSUyd2xfaBHvSnEBl6ExvhD8mzjJ4ljV6fo3vewpGatDUevtRGQgP6qfk3Xei7-2F94dpgBfgonmhyWJwjy3YUcnJChIjNHpOIjosLf3XG29wUfvcUOfkMZvKDndyMumUAyu/s1046/smi-spiraljetty-steinmetz.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="1046" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQZZfI6zkELA_zUPvbRhxtLgCZcwcXfRcTo102y76NZ1pmEv4Q3eHMTSUyd2xfaBHvSnEBl6ExvhD8mzjJ4ljV6fo3vewpGatDUevtRGQgP6qfk3Xei7-2F94dpgBfgonmhyWJwjy3YUcnJChIjNHpOIjosLf3XG29wUfvcUOfkMZvKDndyMumUAyu/s600/smi-spiraljetty-steinmetz.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
Photo: George Steinmetz
<b> </b></p><p><b> </b></p><p><b>V is for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voznesenka,_Alaska" target="_blank">Voznesenka, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska</a>.</b> From Homer, Alaska keep driving up Kachemak Bay on East End Road about 23 miles till you hit the dirt road. Then you've reached Voznesenka. To reach the beach, you need to hike or put your car into 4-wheel mode and snake down the switchbacks over the 1000 foot elevation drop to reach the head of the bay. </p><p>This sample is unlike most others we've seen. The beach is black, coal black, and the fragments are natural coal that erodes from the coal beds common on the Kenai Peninsula. This area is part of the Kenai coal field, and the coal ranges from lignite to sub-bituminous. Although mining has been attempted since about 1885, little coal has been commercially mined as it was hard to compete with coal from the lower 48 or coal from Canada. However for local residents, carrying a couple five-gallon buckets to the beach used to be an easy way to gather coal for cooking and heating. It is less commonly burned today, but lots of coal still litters the beaches. Clams, like the one seen in the photograph, are common along this shoreline too. They are edible. </p><p>Voznesenka is a small unincorporated community, one of several villages founded by Russian Old Believers in the Fox River area. The village was founded in 1985 by residents who decided to start a new settlement. About 40 families live in the village which has a public school and church; however, no grocery, gas or town buildings. The Old Believers speak a Russian dialect plus English; they can be seen around Homer wearing their traditional attire.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5PeZkB5zIbPH2nHnlhwydGvyp-LjfNRuQDLeOqzvLhtugZ2SvgaQ6C9DhCiMVnO9VkgiWh3pV_JMXtaV3mHTSgXOMAD859Ih2EFErnRZiGyLDyVclqVxvrivLqTazSz3Rtzanf_z7N2p1obawuEYiJvT6-rpsn00qMRUHCMJitCWufUoD84e2uQ5-/s2048/333361794_678022267403602_5630533877316368411_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5PeZkB5zIbPH2nHnlhwydGvyp-LjfNRuQDLeOqzvLhtugZ2SvgaQ6C9DhCiMVnO9VkgiWh3pV_JMXtaV3mHTSgXOMAD859Ih2EFErnRZiGyLDyVclqVxvrivLqTazSz3Rtzanf_z7N2p1obawuEYiJvT6-rpsn00qMRUHCMJitCWufUoD84e2uQ5-/s600/333361794_678022267403602_5630533877316368411_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b> </b></p><p><b>W is for <a href="https://www.mindat.org/feature-4666528.html" target="_blank">Wells Creek, Steward County, Tennessee</a>.</b> Wells Creek is situated in the northern part of middle Tennessee, a region known as the Western Highland Rim. It is 70 miles (112 km) west of Nashville. Today, the land is overgrown, forested, and hilly with numerous creeks. In the early-mid 1800s, iron was mined and smelted here. Farmers reported good soil. It is a destination for geology geeks and fossil collectors. </p><p>There is a lot going on in this sample. </p><p>1) The blue slag. That is a bi-product from iron smelters in the early-to-middle 1800s. I think, If there is slag in the sample, there must be rocks with iron. Perhaps that explains the iron staining on some of the grains. </p><p>2) Then I ask, where is/was iron ore mined in Tennessee? Where was the coal mined that was used to fire the smelter? And the trees and wood to make the charcoal? </p><p>3) Then I see fossil crinoids. These are marine organisms and found in sedimentary rocks, such as limestone. </p><p>4) With further research, I read, people also collect "shatter cones" at Wells Creek Hmm, these are associated with meteorite impact craters.</p><p>There is always more of the story. </p><p>1) <b>The blue slag:</b> In iron smelters, the furnaces ran 24 hours a day. They chemically reduced large amounts of ore and limestone flux into molten metal and waste material. The process was accomplished by subjecting the charcoal fuel to a continuous blast of air that produced temperatures high enough to separate the iron from the impurities. These impurities floated to the top of the melt and were drawn off as slag.
The slag ranges in color from clear Robin's Egg blue to greenish and purplish. It is glassy looking and brittle and often pitted with air bubbles created when the molten slag was cooling. </p><p>2) <b>The iron ore:</b> Tennessee has two regions with iron ore deposits. The "brown ore" occurs in the western Highland Rim of Middle Tennessee, and this ore was mined and smelted near Wells Creek. "Red ores" come from the eastern part of the state. Coal is pretty ubiquitous around Tennessee. Remnants of charcoal kilns are found around the region too.
In 1847, there were a couple dozen blast furnaces, forges, and mills around Nashville, however, by the middle 1850, the industry was in decline with changes in technology and the economic Panic of 1857. The new "Age of Steel" doomed the charcoal iron industry. However, the stacks, buildings, cemeteries, and piles of slag remain across the county as evidence of this industry. </p><p>3) <b>The crinoids:</b> The rings in this sample are fossil crinoids. Some have a small opening in their centers, others are solid. These are marine organisms that lived in ancient seas that covered much of North America including the Tennessee/ Kentucky region about 320 million years ago. One of the photos includes a coral fragment. </p><p>4) <b><a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/THE-WELLS-CREEK-METEORITE-IMPACT-SITE-AND-CHANGING-Ford-Orchiston/936bf0192b16023193de8bf159f7de5f37dce1a5" target="_blank">The meteorite impact site</a>:</b> When work on the railroad started in 1854 around Wells Creek, engineers and surveyors noted the area's strange twisted rocks and tilted bedding planes which stood in contrast to the usual flat landscape of the area. They notified the state geologist, who roughly sketched the site; he inset a map into the 1869 Tennessee map, but he did not include suggestions about its origins. Farmers also noticed the soil was different. But the origin of the structure was controversial. In 1874, one geologist suggested the "evidence hints at a terrible subterranean convulsion at one time." In the 1930s, suggestions for its origin included a crypo-volcanic or cryptoexplosive (meteorite impact) origin. Fast forward to the 1960s and in preparation for the first lunar landing, detailed studies of the Wells Creek site were done as NASA scientists wanted to learn whether lunar craters were related to those on earth. After lots more research, scientists came to prefer the meteorite impact hypothesis to explain the origin of the Wells Creek site. Now, after 150 years of controversy and study, geologists finally agreed that the seven mile (13.7 km) diameter basin surrounded by ridges was an impact crater site. It is estimated the impact occurred between 100 and 300 million years ago. </p><p>Geology and rock enthusiasts are drawn to explore the center of the crater. It contains some of the best shatter cones; these conical rock fragments formed from the high pressure of the impact. They range from 1/4" to 2.5" ( .6 - 6.3 cm) across. </p><p>If you visit, check out the Wells Creek Impact Crater site and the Iron Furnace Trail to learn more about the crater and the historic iron industry in middle Tennessee.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY6wR-9j-8kJOwoZzziHRmXi470dzDDH2j0odPwiQuph7TKNH467LSRMnTmkkGsLpEWx3mU2lSaa3haS0lpTBxjUaHFGBbHUXr6KaiYkuccxc6a1GZV6yZQgUokDjgULTmJIlniDW-iApZEIPHIwGf-Gp6D5R2x0OycTsrbt1b-G9X9bxuJarTDzhJ/s1442/333790917_994900201474531_3637151512567959400_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY6wR-9j-8kJOwoZzziHRmXi470dzDDH2j0odPwiQuph7TKNH467LSRMnTmkkGsLpEWx3mU2lSaa3haS0lpTBxjUaHFGBbHUXr6KaiYkuccxc6a1GZV6yZQgUokDjgULTmJIlniDW-iApZEIPHIwGf-Gp6D5R2x0OycTsrbt1b-G9X9bxuJarTDzhJ/s600/333790917_994900201474531_3637151512567959400_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJbVTNLAa0f48iR-ARKFRkMCdmzFr5evFQrrYOaPbEnzJFL3WfQc-o3s_nBs8TCZouAE0548M76jFrs3gwWQMx3nLgbUp_-wcfZEB1R0ZMeEi5n6fzakjiP__mm0dgEhimFwoaMP0WzU_twh358SbX71TRmtT33RdEXIF42BoIwaIKwCNosBR1465/s1441/333951928_766005411530452_8048982171122629204_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1441" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeJbVTNLAa0f48iR-ARKFRkMCdmzFr5evFQrrYOaPbEnzJFL3WfQc-o3s_nBs8TCZouAE0548M76jFrs3gwWQMx3nLgbUp_-wcfZEB1R0ZMeEi5n6fzakjiP__mm0dgEhimFwoaMP0WzU_twh358SbX71TRmtT33RdEXIF42BoIwaIKwCNosBR1465/s600/333951928_766005411530452_8048982171122629204_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b> </b></p><p><b>X is for Crossed Out.</b> Crossed off the list. Unsuitable for the collection. Location unknown. Another “mystery sand”. Collect sand for a little while and you will have several samples you have crossed off your collection list. </p><p>The crossed out sand might lack accurate or any collecting data. It could be pebbles, rocks or dirt and not sand at all. It could be a soggy, decayed mess you would never want in your home. Occasionally, the sample will have great data, be of suitable size, and still be an unknown and not suitable for your collection. I’ll provide examples of a few of my eXed out sands. (A few I still keep for amusement.)
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-dT1MTxXioJyYH9vMTl9N8rkHOqrKXXosaZj2p90yi7FnGYLo-5gvH44bSti8Y1b3U9Bl4P9I2eJobNtZhksowbIn26QDlfRUTrB_Xy2Uv9WhBQ4FaoO9Bk91M6qVEY-7DiVqvzxZ42sCPnEgDOIzScFpSFGrcp-3JtlstEQbG1btTkgFH32pXAyH/s1210/333980410_2715862935214851_6999169012410288321_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-dT1MTxXioJyYH9vMTl9N8rkHOqrKXXosaZj2p90yi7FnGYLo-5gvH44bSti8Y1b3U9Bl4P9I2eJobNtZhksowbIn26QDlfRUTrB_Xy2Uv9WhBQ4FaoO9Bk91M6qVEY-7DiVqvzxZ42sCPnEgDOIzScFpSFGrcp-3JtlstEQbG1btTkgFH32pXAyH/s600/333980410_2715862935214851_6999169012410288321_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOJ9N2CCslDpejm2qae5tWCtHWNxd5IlrDPNfRxDL4OJTY5X_brEgZN_mPxVE7QtRatOf-dZahA7daz4k0GJjkKNKzsjODET1xX59S-CT32ADp5-fq86woNUdzv_AHmLLLuSOnJln10mPEo6gXhDiyJOikzRkUTQ5XsjvaPNfONgUT_5sDcty9mBpl/s1440/334018496_153733807502037_2513136590500844712_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOJ9N2CCslDpejm2qae5tWCtHWNxd5IlrDPNfRxDL4OJTY5X_brEgZN_mPxVE7QtRatOf-dZahA7daz4k0GJjkKNKzsjODET1xX59S-CT32ADp5-fq86woNUdzv_AHmLLLuSOnJln10mPEo6gXhDiyJOikzRkUTQ5XsjvaPNfONgUT_5sDcty9mBpl/s600/334018496_153733807502037_2513136590500844712_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSA58GdqHBfme62zZUZ-WgKM2wyG7lhhoutzXJKMzzE9LXXLU2oFDOsbVJwGjw1qQ5CLUwVM7FClNx2HsaWqBxlm_3bazrm2A6Au42MRB_2zK2oQgcaLk_N9NOBl21vGAtB-4tuPbAExwWqBEwxc95Sro-hxVaVjB0FmTNRTI-sosMggusX-Bs3a1Z/s1440/334053287_893585661892302_4685316290397406098_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSA58GdqHBfme62zZUZ-WgKM2wyG7lhhoutzXJKMzzE9LXXLU2oFDOsbVJwGjw1qQ5CLUwVM7FClNx2HsaWqBxlm_3bazrm2A6Au42MRB_2zK2oQgcaLk_N9NOBl21vGAtB-4tuPbAExwWqBEwxc95Sro-hxVaVjB0FmTNRTI-sosMggusX-Bs3a1Z/s600/334053287_893585661892302_4685316290397406098_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcerMcsNPRNpzfo0-MvJAwO3yE2zb-p3h5uaFV9ForztFDiGzxz9QY2ITt8J3-Le57yPW8ywjZBSnwq-1adPipfpzuHTVTBVIe5VfkDrmftOkHeOyLNpXDrFpxWbz1fr8Btk5Q4oWfz8u1d7QrMVHx18-m9XN27IFovScp20F0MXrRs4hkvN2_r1nX/s1444/334074781_556703053101749_3132320535867607492_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcerMcsNPRNpzfo0-MvJAwO3yE2zb-p3h5uaFV9ForztFDiGzxz9QY2ITt8J3-Le57yPW8ywjZBSnwq-1adPipfpzuHTVTBVIe5VfkDrmftOkHeOyLNpXDrFpxWbz1fr8Btk5Q4oWfz8u1d7QrMVHx18-m9XN27IFovScp20F0MXrRs4hkvN2_r1nX/s600/334074781_556703053101749_3132320535867607492_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOVdzxKoueWpAjP9CyTSSULeb70GkY5gjyMkOyzQH7igcSgDxCytL8hX5hE-vE3C71xOa_sJMocxQbKu3xua561w_j5kYyLFwz62bRpgTtYhizsOpjopxBLlVfxWSevYJ3JJjliKoHre2ky9aXlqykcYkmRptp4XFW4ODCet1mfnaNKBgQ43OUHhm/s1281/333874815_1971051339898773_5236698465947916651_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOVdzxKoueWpAjP9CyTSSULeb70GkY5gjyMkOyzQH7igcSgDxCytL8hX5hE-vE3C71xOa_sJMocxQbKu3xua561w_j5kYyLFwz62bRpgTtYhizsOpjopxBLlVfxWSevYJ3JJjliKoHre2ky9aXlqykcYkmRptp4XFW4ODCet1mfnaNKBgQ43OUHhm/s600/333874815_1971051339898773_5236698465947916651_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1009849509155806" target="_blank">Y is for Yellowstone River, Terry, Montana</a>.</b> Terry is located in southeastern Montana on the Yellowstone River and near the Powder River. The landscape includes rolling hills and badlands sculpted over thousands of years by water and wind. </p><p>Today it is a high and dry plain, but 60 million years ago, the area was a shallow and swampy basin. Rivers streaming from mountains in the west transported tons of sand, mud and silt over the low plain. Vegetation grew well in the swampy wet soils near the rivers. When rivers flooded during heavy rains, the sediments buried the vegetation. Afterwards, the plant life rebounded in the swamps; and then the next flood deposited more sediments and buried more plant material. </p><p>Again and again, over maybe eleven million years, the rivers flowed and flooded and transported sediments. The vegetation grew and died, and sediments piled up in alternating layers with the partially decaying organic matter. In this waterlogged environment, with little access to oxygen, the organic material didn't decompose, it formed peat. And in time, the weight and pressure of it all solidified – the silt into mudstone, the sand into sandstone, and the peat into lignite coal. </p><p>This sequence of coal beds and sedimentary rocks in north central Montana is called the Fort Union Formation. In some areas, the alternating layers include 32 lignite coal seams with a combined thickness of more than 300 ft. (91 meters). (Lignite is a low-grade coal.) Coal has been mined in Montana since territorial days, first as a heating fuel and later primarily for the railroads. Production peaked in the 1940s; however, as steam locomotives were phased out, production declined. Today (2023), there are still four coal mines in operation in the Powder River Basin in southeastern Montana. It is shipped to domestic and foreign consumers. </p><p>In 1806, Lewis and Clark explored the Yellowstone River and documented its colorful badland scenery with buttes, bridges and spires. They remarked on the landscape that appeared burnt in many places. They also noted the rocks: dark and light brown and lots of red rocks. They called the river the Red Stone River. They further noted that coal appears in layers between the burnt rock. </p><p>Lewis and Clark attributed the red rock to the heat from burning coal beds and called the area the "burnt hills." They were correct. When lightning ignited the coal, it baked the adjacent rocks. The coal turned to clinker, the sandstone baked to a brick like rock; the shale fused and looks like glazed ceramic pottery. </p><p>Clinker resembles pumice, and it may float; but it is not of volcanic origin and not seen in this sample. It is the term used to describe the burned coal and chunks of burnt coal fused with rock. The red and brown clinker is what Lewis and Clark saw on the caps of the buttes and plateaus. It is hard and resistant to erosion. Geologists use the term pyro-metamorphism to describe rocks and minerals altered by high temperatures caused after lightning strikes ignite coal seams and bake the adjacent rocks. Scientists estimate coal has been burning in eastern Montana for at least four million years. They do naturally extinguish. As the fire burns into the hill, the overlying rocks break and collapse; and eventually, too much rock collapses and restricts the air flow, and the fire goes out. </p><p>This sample was collected at an anthill. Visible here are examples of sandstone that baked into red brick like rocks, shale that fused into ceramic like products, plus other rocks that were subjected to the high heat. The clean to blue/gray grains are likely Montana agates. The ID of the yellow mineral grains remains a mystery. They are certainly well rounded which signifies significant transport from their point of origin. But did they experience the same pyro-metamorphism as the sandstone and shale seen in this sample or did they originate elsewhere? </p><p>Where does the name Yellowstone come from? The name has been attributed to Native Americans from as early as 1805 who were referring to yellow sandstones along the banks of the Yellowstone River in eastern Montana, several hundred miles downstream and northeast of the Yellowstone National Park.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT7e9WuSo5L-ARdsyu8LOpF4bj082Kh-w-RcYA7gGJXoyciHxezFcsmpitYcUv2nYy-sgKXMKghZUIaV6FwFrBMXRr-v9apIqVWkWbNu03MBCjDKEQLPkDuSDkS6WAxPzKiO2FsQZcrEfWb6vZR0A7IzJxuf_9Hms63a1E3ZkFMdjOvSarTeTHdWBq/s2048/334234623_866537554424854_7884596297754876876_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT7e9WuSo5L-ARdsyu8LOpF4bj082Kh-w-RcYA7gGJXoyciHxezFcsmpitYcUv2nYy-sgKXMKghZUIaV6FwFrBMXRr-v9apIqVWkWbNu03MBCjDKEQLPkDuSDkS6WAxPzKiO2FsQZcrEfWb6vZR0A7IzJxuf_9Hms63a1E3ZkFMdjOvSarTeTHdWBq/s600/334234623_866537554424854_7884596297754876876_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div><p>
<b> </b></p><p><b> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zephyr_Cove,_Nevada" target="_blank">Z is for Zephyr Cove, Lake Tahoe, Nevada</a>.</b> The community of Zephyr Cove is located on the southeastern shore of Lake Tahoe; it has a mile-long sandy beach. Established in 1862, the community was named after the Washoe Zephyr, that's a seasonal, daily wind that blows mostly in the summer and from mid-afternoon through late evening. It blows from the west and can be gusty; and with the arid terrain, the wind stirs up dust. Scientists think the wind is caused by intense heating over the Great Basin during summer afternoons. </p><p>Nestled between the Sierra Nevada Range on the west and Carson Range to the east, Lake Tahoe straddles the interstate boundary between California and Nevada. Elevations range from 6225 ft. (1897 meters) at lake level to 10,891 feet (3320 meters) at Freel Peak. The lake and region attract tourists who come for year-round recreation: to ski, hike, bike, scuba dive, sail and to gamble. The scenery is spectacular with snow-capped peaks, forested mountains and the lake with its deep blue water. The lake has had a few names over the years, and likely owes its current name to the <a href="https://washoetribe.us/" target="_blank">Washoe Indian</a> tribe's word Tah-hoe meaning "big water." </p><p>Lake Tahoe and the surrounding mountains are underlain by granitic rock, predominantly granodiorite. That is a medium to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock. It contains quartz and is distinguished from granite by having more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar; its other mineral constituents include hornblende, biotite, and augite. The sample here shows clean angular quartz and feldspar with distinctive near 90° angles. The dark grains likely include basalt. Many grains are iron stained. </p><p>Faulting was a key element in the formation of Lake Tahoe. The Tahoe Basin lies in a graben (a trench between two faults) that formed about 3.7 million years ago between the Sierra Nevada and Carson Range. Five east-dipping faults cut the basin, and three of them are covered by the lake. They are considered "active" and potentially capable of producing a magnitude 7 earthquake. If (or when) that occurs, it could also produce a tsunami in parts of the lake, plus landslides. The last time one of these faults ruptured was about 575 years ago. The probability of faults in the Tahoe Basin is similar to many parts of California and the Pacific Northwest. </p><p>If you visit and want to see the geology and beautiful vistas of the lake, drive the road that encircles the lake. It is a slow 72 miles (116 km) on narrow, twisty mountain roads. </p><p>Trivia: Deep lakes around the world. Lake Tahoe is the third deepest lake in North America at 1645 ft. (501 meters) and the ninth deepest in the world. Great Slave Lake in Canada is North America's deepest at 2015 ft. (614 meters). Lake Baikal in Russia is the world's deepest lake at 5315 ft. (1620 meters).
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVdNQJl1IM-KNeOW1-1BqaEtvy3uq4LWEObe-6-AfQudKBMwh3bG25SGCYGTKCq4d0bOOCD2m7U324mZ9lW7J7jjR_qbbFiP4T2XR8TbGlqDuniiXPtz1kIY5MLtyA8ITXUH7Uzqso87s0oA4VZbI_4bWOCDtDv07rfRSkpdPEUmrX8Ae7URvJcO26/s2560/Lake_Tahoe,_Nevada_Beach.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1707" data-original-width="2560" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVdNQJl1IM-KNeOW1-1BqaEtvy3uq4LWEObe-6-AfQudKBMwh3bG25SGCYGTKCq4d0bOOCD2m7U324mZ9lW7J7jjR_qbbFiP4T2XR8TbGlqDuniiXPtz1kIY5MLtyA8ITXUH7Uzqso87s0oA4VZbI_4bWOCDtDv07rfRSkpdPEUmrX8Ae7URvJcO26/w640-h426/Lake_Tahoe,_Nevada_Beach.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAjRPw6-GVCWdIgoyrJW75HH_eAVezjXb7sAsUv5zML6_vMtfMz06_QiajiHDcx-0_6T3W4o75VltBLHmxoGgahr3D7JwALN4Bk1ZZ7VUY50Df8LrL9iXMXPAMQFHCUMD1hHFmYcAVgXcdi7LdPc8Zx2w4ZSJDCfSw6kqW18gb0FDrKc3-N4SDpTb2/s2048/330389131_572040028321021_4459294006982740383_n.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAjRPw6-GVCWdIgoyrJW75HH_eAVezjXb7sAsUv5zML6_vMtfMz06_QiajiHDcx-0_6T3W4o75VltBLHmxoGgahr3D7JwALN4Bk1ZZ7VUY50Df8LrL9iXMXPAMQFHCUMD1hHFmYcAVgXcdi7LdPc8Zx2w4ZSJDCfSw6kqW18gb0FDrKc3-N4SDpTb2/s600/330389131_572040028321021_4459294006982740383_n.jpg" width="600" /></a></div>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-67421934342096520792022-09-17T18:09:00.002-07:002022-09-17T18:09:51.595-07:00SandFest 2022<p>ISCS <a href="https://sandfest.sandcollectors.org/aboutsandfest.html" target="_blank">SandFest 2022</a> happened in Coos Bay, Oregon and sadly I did not attend as I had planned. But one of the members offered 20 sand samples from around the world if we would pay the postage. I am so thrilled, I am putting my in vials today. Such a catch of sand, I have run out of vials!</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX4YQDj18VVxTT30SnQy6Z1gKuyTWqnO1PJT12H3kLkp7tjUnYK-F4YkUjjWKJxalp3qu7iJ_qkXS3IeWMJ5lUFiVR1185eG9ICgNUiWxfybhKsI64fTV-rYTZ_ljJH3QH4eP7YTHj7Lcn_BvM2sQngvXzzmOWS4_jRKP2jRJay88_KBDBtGLmK2mR/s1080/IMG_0767.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="1080" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX4YQDj18VVxTT30SnQy6Z1gKuyTWqnO1PJT12H3kLkp7tjUnYK-F4YkUjjWKJxalp3qu7iJ_qkXS3IeWMJ5lUFiVR1185eG9ICgNUiWxfybhKsI64fTV-rYTZ_ljJH3QH4eP7YTHj7Lcn_BvM2sQngvXzzmOWS4_jRKP2jRJay88_KBDBtGLmK2mR/w640-h282/IMG_0767.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAL_4YbgG6p62Jvd7mmWY2Vbv8sDsWl0Eu9D5OfziDgV-aGmxhclAuRmN0JouNoNupgvdpiM5is1sUs6VRhbscoU44B1afgtgo6v-d6m2Q3RMWPgeLimz4M0jI3ixBglj5LjEbrxZI09XrMIDcBbSGgm0ZVONwAY-Gm5upNAcsFYDoFelEY3f8DIet/s864/IMG_0771.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="864" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAL_4YbgG6p62Jvd7mmWY2Vbv8sDsWl0Eu9D5OfziDgV-aGmxhclAuRmN0JouNoNupgvdpiM5is1sUs6VRhbscoU44B1afgtgo6v-d6m2Q3RMWPgeLimz4M0jI3ixBglj5LjEbrxZI09XrMIDcBbSGgm0ZVONwAY-Gm5upNAcsFYDoFelEY3f8DIet/w640-h348/IMG_0771.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Here is the list of samples </p><p>Omaha Beach, France </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgXvEG1mq8H8Eq4qlyplhh9o2eHB1IPRl2cPJKrC6sTW2ZtFxD3D2asEMrvSfgVk1Wpfuq_KJdQSYpeWoDBBgSK-YwW41Q7LldSVGOPjsM8ax7DNUAfxfFlVD0Vd9Ek-8O_ji-3eXt8x9_TUyGT3UarYvyJF5ewDpcIndHiGJHMf9gWyLDEQRqKKZO/s730/france-normandy-top-d-day-beaches-memorials-intro-paragraph-omaha-beach.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="730" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgXvEG1mq8H8Eq4qlyplhh9o2eHB1IPRl2cPJKrC6sTW2ZtFxD3D2asEMrvSfgVk1Wpfuq_KJdQSYpeWoDBBgSK-YwW41Q7LldSVGOPjsM8ax7DNUAfxfFlVD0Vd9Ek-8O_ji-3eXt8x9_TUyGT3UarYvyJF5ewDpcIndHiGJHMf9gWyLDEQRqKKZO/w640-h426/france-normandy-top-d-day-beaches-memorials-intro-paragraph-omaha-beach.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p>Ocean City, Maryland </p><p>Cold Spring, Wall Township, New York </p><p>Nags Head Beach, Outer Banks, North Carolina </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx6agZpVCRbVR_rtjvzzLaQ-Bgm0v6uG1imhdSBsTZTOzjRp1TUG7drlk-2sSadnpeoGbIKLqgHV-172ghlEyQ37Q1wBgI-naVa5surtxUWnQim-YSYiu9Pws72evfemfB_RewbfCOZrGNa5cWzNeTwzExusrfLlsSdrrh7ypuA1onQaAgtD2yIryo/s2000/nags-head-north-carolina-beach-gettyimages-580282089-2000.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1331" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx6agZpVCRbVR_rtjvzzLaQ-Bgm0v6uG1imhdSBsTZTOzjRp1TUG7drlk-2sSadnpeoGbIKLqgHV-172ghlEyQ37Q1wBgI-naVa5surtxUWnQim-YSYiu9Pws72evfemfB_RewbfCOZrGNa5cWzNeTwzExusrfLlsSdrrh7ypuA1onQaAgtD2yIryo/w640-h426/nags-head-north-carolina-beach-gettyimages-580282089-2000.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p>York River, Virginia </p><p>Laramie, Wyoming </p><p>Brigham, Utah </p><p>Glass Rock Beach, California (photo by <span class="mw-mmv-source-author"><span class="mw-mmv-author"><a class="external text" href="http://www.gustavogerdel.com/" rel="nofollow">Gustavo Gerdel</a></span> - <span class="mw-mmv-source"><a class="external text" href="https://bab.com.ar/" rel="nofollow">BAB Buceo</a>)</span></span></p><p><span class="mw-mmv-source-author"><span class="mw-mmv-source"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTCyaxtQRdniTep3fW7tIpzHaJz8RYj2JR1KaO9FoblRT09j00A-xY9XtYACi5RZxj-zp6bNIeyjEgN39m5v0auaepRvu2aPFWwQWqc_yiuGZtFXPR-uz9P1hyfeTa38-6AJI8ypOSDQCbqWdp1szjGMnd9lQiO0H03_fgJHooyBGki7ydX4ZYBrL-/s1200/Glass_Beach_Fort_Bragg.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="1200" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTCyaxtQRdniTep3fW7tIpzHaJz8RYj2JR1KaO9FoblRT09j00A-xY9XtYACi5RZxj-zp6bNIeyjEgN39m5v0auaepRvu2aPFWwQWqc_yiuGZtFXPR-uz9P1hyfeTa38-6AJI8ypOSDQCbqWdp1szjGMnd9lQiO0H03_fgJHooyBGki7ydX4ZYBrL-/w640-h426/Glass_Beach_Fort_Bragg.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <p></p><p>Playa Navio, Vieques, Puerto Rico </p><p>Magens Bay, St Thomas, USVI </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyU5Z7OL-XFd37p7JkV-fEsMa3SCgC02koJX-2B4QGNbNYLj9uayPaGEq_jIdex9YsyGqZpOPpFCEeaYqDe-MxN7_NDt_pr2Ai8cj0EGyZ0f30E6p3rqcPzsOjURy8QPiBYrsB8K4gf6kOffM-zg2kdzmrac2ghM3ehUjKGvk7ndINhKJs0hkFjlaJ/s1350/160568582_1788479324645400_7316031090954908161_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyU5Z7OL-XFd37p7JkV-fEsMa3SCgC02koJX-2B4QGNbNYLj9uayPaGEq_jIdex9YsyGqZpOPpFCEeaYqDe-MxN7_NDt_pr2Ai8cj0EGyZ0f30E6p3rqcPzsOjURy8QPiBYrsB8K4gf6kOffM-zg2kdzmrac2ghM3ehUjKGvk7ndINhKJs0hkFjlaJ/w512-h640/160568582_1788479324645400_7316031090954908161_n.jpg" width="512" /></a></div><p></p><p>Yuma, Arizona </p><p>Kirksville, Missouri </p><p>Crescent Lake, Washington </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUQSFb9kGr2plMZbBYbVlU78LM20qrp2g3AMHupvAN5VcsQfhQEUkyeH_EeVju4j7-k_zg3K4jp6i8MLsmVqlK3juyXIJCDtnEWlU4-01EzGms8r6112qQZuvWYsL-Ed6t7_HVQvfz7nvoFeR5t8EsA2_IHR_Exz-MgaeySg2XqdQecx8jPXR4Tdcc/s2592/LakeCrescentLodge.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1936" data-original-width="2592" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUQSFb9kGr2plMZbBYbVlU78LM20qrp2g3AMHupvAN5VcsQfhQEUkyeH_EeVju4j7-k_zg3K4jp6i8MLsmVqlK3juyXIJCDtnEWlU4-01EzGms8r6112qQZuvWYsL-Ed6t7_HVQvfz7nvoFeR5t8EsA2_IHR_Exz-MgaeySg2XqdQecx8jPXR4Tdcc/w640-h478/LakeCrescentLodge.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p>Yanetze River, China </p><p>Pictured Rocks, Michigan </p><p>Academy Creek, Montesano, Washington </p><p>Torrey Pines State Park, San Diego, California </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-atV-GLN_gcBgaGdbfkFnbuYzsCxh1rKMwQpZ4W2lQ7MdCjoWIrV1j2EsKWjQ1Z3RbCjga0q17_2tse_xb7QLZmha2_t6l2YO-nel2hP-uayMCA9DvwjQksN3nEB5kW93sCuxbf7hhTKSbs45eZzikY8tpKb1rvs1bQctxmNDlPQ_yVqN1gszgjBo/s1200/view-from-the-top.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-atV-GLN_gcBgaGdbfkFnbuYzsCxh1rKMwQpZ4W2lQ7MdCjoWIrV1j2EsKWjQ1Z3RbCjga0q17_2tse_xb7QLZmha2_t6l2YO-nel2hP-uayMCA9DvwjQksN3nEB5kW93sCuxbf7hhTKSbs45eZzikY8tpKb1rvs1bQctxmNDlPQ_yVqN1gszgjBo/w400-h400/view-from-the-top.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>White Sands Beach, Hawaii </p><p>Lake Michigan, Chicago, Illinois </p><p>Lake Chelan, Washington </p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-50104632057131551672022-07-21T15:05:00.002-07:002022-09-17T18:10:31.241-07:00Tomás Gordillo Dela Chica<p>I just saw this post on Facebook. Ohhh, Pompeii!!!! Hiroshima!!! I am thinking about going to <a href="https://sandfest.sandcollectors.org/register.html?fbclid=IwAR33bC4Op6Y9zNYfFIPxE-zPEIQ5yVXI_UA6pZwSKtg4q042UzmctkwkcGw" target="_blank">Sandfest 2022</a> in Coos Bay, Oregon.<br /></p><p>Tomás, from Sevilla (south of Spain) and this his my story around the sands: when he took a trip for first time, a friend of mine told his about to take a little bit of sand as a original souvenir...
He thought it was a great idea, so much that he always do the same each every single trip, since that moment. Bit a bit, this becomes a collection.
It's important to him that every bottle in my collection is one of his trips, all of these sands he have, were taken by him. It's a small collection (specially compared to yours), but each of these bottles has a great meaning to him (and memories, too).
Few days ago, he was wondering if there were other people collecting sands, and... he found <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/222811375398637/?hoisted_section_header_type=recently_seen&multi_permalinks=802045170808585" target="_blank">International Sand Collectors Society</a> on Facebook. Its great to see your collections, ways to show them, and everything about this.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3i-nn-XxhUJaMw3fHkUEPmdBLA03oH_Jow_BgNpIVgyP4hxy0de3b-vlMZlpKRL-Llxlb2McnJtCFMKCMLJY3033fQAKbufer8Bm8JxPNZclTFhy-6mUZjygJ2-SxzOojTWdOyl39KomvUnNDzqUykYjVVfRomdZc_pjJouRa5UK7yFn-BXrDljS0/s2048/294144592_5209566372454319_461042003996638805_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3i-nn-XxhUJaMw3fHkUEPmdBLA03oH_Jow_BgNpIVgyP4hxy0de3b-vlMZlpKRL-Llxlb2McnJtCFMKCMLJY3033fQAKbufer8Bm8JxPNZclTFhy-6mUZjygJ2-SxzOojTWdOyl39KomvUnNDzqUykYjVVfRomdZc_pjJouRa5UK7yFn-BXrDljS0/w640-h480/294144592_5209566372454319_461042003996638805_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv05yX0rR5glPCldMNEMkKHmBYU5ky-dbydfgWmbThkaXDJA9yyLa_N2I-28QEN_QyrKKhXFmFg3TlEL-orqGg8_HgHOyb_PSY8J6LrLfM6fes94XDw2NpjIE_E1fABFQcbaO8YQteqIG2cV7EhpSmr9cnyzSSGZ39SeCvTorvOpTmuFqgX2YtJZBL/s1101/294254010_5209566462454310_6712698771440472498_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1101" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv05yX0rR5glPCldMNEMkKHmBYU5ky-dbydfgWmbThkaXDJA9yyLa_N2I-28QEN_QyrKKhXFmFg3TlEL-orqGg8_HgHOyb_PSY8J6LrLfM6fes94XDw2NpjIE_E1fABFQcbaO8YQteqIG2cV7EhpSmr9cnyzSSGZ39SeCvTorvOpTmuFqgX2YtJZBL/w640-h486/294254010_5209566462454310_6712698771440472498_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <p></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-68407243692018710782022-02-28T11:01:00.002-08:002022-02-28T11:05:35.325-08:00Collecting history of lynchings<p>More than <a href="https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2018/04/25/volunteers-dig-up-past-collect-soil-lynching-sites-eji-museum/546115002/" target="_blank">800 jars of soil from lynching sites</a> across the country will be exhibited in the museum that traces the history of enslaved black people in America from the horrors of slavery to the terrors of lynching, the humiliation of Jim Crow and the current crisis of police violence against blacks.</p><p><a href="https://museumandmemorial.eji.org/news/2021-09-28/eji-opens-new-legacy-museum-montgomery" target="_blank">The Equal Justice Initiative</a> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFgOjBQsEbyHQ35sj0_1EkwDddKlRcbdDt7Hb3nLGGS4Vesg-4KnitGGCkL1mAQQ-_iaN9UHjVuQAJzNC2v4Q7DuSQE225z1nyyQo5ugY-tDbTxDsGF_aV0ugv_bHSzGAlvRvwjb6FxGYm_UCJc123c8fs97sVHzRgJtXRBB3wIrbLvRp0YgiSsWSz=s1320" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="746" data-original-width="1320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFgOjBQsEbyHQ35sj0_1EkwDddKlRcbdDt7Hb3nLGGS4Vesg-4KnitGGCkL1mAQQ-_iaN9UHjVuQAJzNC2v4Q7DuSQE225z1nyyQo5ugY-tDbTxDsGF_aV0ugv_bHSzGAlvRvwjb6FxGYm_UCJc123c8fs97sVHzRgJtXRBB3wIrbLvRp0YgiSsWSz=s600" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKDRj1mVTEnw0XkECtVAZnmcPOwtZfa_Ah4A5sevdWyaVyyb8mLgYcQ7YoC-a4mui9Pwx6KxQ7V7QFiUbIGUHAh46FHwPK4JunC1wOpHPz460KHVRxPLSPV63_i8XPma2R3cUs-f5lFahZjl_DnRn0OJWzojVaElKqtHipnqBZfLnvApeQVeRvgxeO=s1320" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="746" data-original-width="1320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKDRj1mVTEnw0XkECtVAZnmcPOwtZfa_Ah4A5sevdWyaVyyb8mLgYcQ7YoC-a4mui9Pwx6KxQ7V7QFiUbIGUHAh46FHwPK4JunC1wOpHPz460KHVRxPLSPV63_i8XPma2R3cUs-f5lFahZjl_DnRn0OJWzojVaElKqtHipnqBZfLnvApeQVeRvgxeO=s600" width="600" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0VQiqz2fReqX1ivTFNZreyWnp3Ej7GZN0zULkk0A3Bwa_qw298TKeklvvg5zZLBb2RdyE0EMq_LDqYKCv5NcfW9K5eZau3RGzJ8xFu5ekb70FKn6GvJZtMMXx1AqAwbVsiMsNw1LHnLUDYvlmYsdRWSIXomHdcj018d9XowKMfWeMrHbqXuLxFFXO=s1476" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0VQiqz2fReqX1ivTFNZreyWnp3Ej7GZN0zULkk0A3Bwa_qw298TKeklvvg5zZLBb2RdyE0EMq_LDqYKCv5NcfW9K5eZau3RGzJ8xFu5ekb70FKn6GvJZtMMXx1AqAwbVsiMsNw1LHnLUDYvlmYsdRWSIXomHdcj018d9XowKMfWeMrHbqXuLxFFXO=s1476" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1476" data-original-width="1476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0VQiqz2fReqX1ivTFNZreyWnp3Ej7GZN0zULkk0A3Bwa_qw298TKeklvvg5zZLBb2RdyE0EMq_LDqYKCv5NcfW9K5eZau3RGzJ8xFu5ekb70FKn6GvJZtMMXx1AqAwbVsiMsNw1LHnLUDYvlmYsdRWSIXomHdcj018d9XowKMfWeMrHbqXuLxFFXO=s600" width="600" /></a></div>
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IKPS5nnbrsU" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-22135162122046530792022-02-22T18:29:00.001-08:002022-02-22T18:30:06.985-08:00What is it?<p><a href="https://microscope-microscope.org/microscope-applications/microscopic-sand/" target="_blank">Sand Analysis</a>
</p><p><a href="https://www.ateliernl.com/projects/to-see-a-world-in-a-grain-of-sand">To See a World in a Grain of Sand</a> — A collaborative project</p><p><a href="http://www.hawaii.edu/gk-12/evolution/pdfs/meiofauna.sand.lab.highschool.pdf" target="_blank">Sand Lab</a>
<a href="https://aworldofsand.com/" target="_blank">A world of sand</a></p>
<a href="https://www.ateliernl.com/projects/the-collectors-box" target="_blank">The Collector’s Box</a> — Soil Projects
<i>Atelier NL was asked by geologist Richard Fortey to visualize the material transformation of one square meter of earth from Grym’s Dyke Wood. In the hands of Atelier NL, the native earth and stone yeilded a unique array of pigments, ceramics, and glass. The flint sparked as it was crushed and ground into a fine powder. When exposed to high temperatures, the flint powder melted into white, green, and bluish glass. The tough earth, kneaded, cleaned, and dried, was then exposed to a gradation of extreme temperatures. A bold array of pigments and ceramic tiles resulted, ranging from warm creamy brown to rich peat. In one small patch of ground in Grym’s Dyke Wood, Atelier NL found all of the resources to make a variety of paints, pigments, ceramic tiles, and glass.</i>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-15583696074437471412022-02-22T17:47:00.005-08:002022-02-22T21:12:33.318-08:00Running out of sand<p><a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20191108-why-the-world-is-running-out-of-sand" target="_blank">Why the world is running out of sand
</a> </p><p>It may be little more than grains of weathered rock, and can be found in deserts and on beaches around the world, but sand is also the world’s second most consumed natural resource.</p><p>
<a href="https://www.dailyinfographic.com/sand-disappearing-alarming-rate" target="_blank">Why Sand Disappears At An Alarming Rate</a></p><p>
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1iuQjyMP8_c" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p>
<a href="https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/conservation/issues/sand-is-such-high-demand-people-are-stealing-tons-it.htm?segment=hsw.004&s1aid=3529217572&s1cid=15219811584&s1agid=130395155675&s1kid=dsa-19959388920&utm_source=adwords&gclid=CjwKCAiAsNKQBhAPEiwAB-I5ze70Yf8_ZtxIR-q1l-pK4NWrnfJXc1CccJ59bCfnM0qjfuFwUkOWoRoCM6YQAvD_BwE" target="_blank">Sand Is in Such High Demand, People Are Stealing Tons of It </a></p><p>
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZGEK-sILt18" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-80226604842906783332022-02-22T17:38:00.005-08:002022-02-22T17:38:51.712-08:00Micheal Welland on sand<p>From The Abundance and Scarcity of Sand — <a href="https://www.ateliernl.com/lectures/the-abundance-and-scarcity-of-sand" target="_blank">symposium Atelier NL</a> found on <a href="https://throughthesandglass.typepad.com/" target="_blank">Through the Sandglass</a></p><p>
<iframe allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/285539499?h=19e194a60f&portrait=0" width="640"></iframe>
</p><p><a href="https://vimeo.com/285539499">The Abundance & Scarcity of Sand Symposium: Michael Welland</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/ateliernl">Atelier NL</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</p><p>
<i>The Abundance and Scarcity of Sand' is a symposium focused on the critical discussion of sand as one of the most quickly disappearing natural resources in the world. Every year, we remove billions of tons of sand from beaches, rivers, oceans and land, and lock it away in our infrastructure and technologies. This has resulted in what experts are now calling a global sand scarcity. Hosted by Atelier NL & MU, this symposium invites artists, designers, scientists, environmentalists, and the local community to participate in both lectures and in-depth conversations regarding the environmental challenges and potential solutions surrounding sand. </i></p><p><i>We dedicate this symposium to the memory of Micheal Welland (1946-2017), British geologist and author of the award-winning book ‘Sand’: A Journey Through Science and the Imagination'. Micheal had a profound poetic understanding of life and the natural world and his passion for sand inspired this very symposium. His spirit will never leave us and neither will his words.</i>
<a href="https://www.whizzpopbang.com/blog/in-memory-of-michael-welland/" target="_blank">In memory of Michael Welland</a> </p><p>We were deeply saddened to hear that Michael Welland, one of our Whizz Pop Boffins, passed away last month.
<i> </i></p><p><i>Michael was a geologist and sand expert who advised Whizz Pop Bang on all things sandy and rocky, and taught us everything we know about building amazing sandcastles. He was enormously supportive and enthusiastic about the magazine from the start. Always full of fantastic suggestions and inspiring ideas, Michael was a real asset to have on board. He will be greatly missed.</i></p><p><i> </i>
<iframe allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/230948776?h=474401228c" width="640"></iframe>
</p><p><a href="https://vimeo.com/230948776">SAND WARS</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/ateliernl">Atelier NL</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</p><p></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-59537111995885036862022-01-16T18:16:00.007-08:002022-03-20T11:11:12.106-07:00Road trip! New Mexico, Arizona, Utah.<p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;">It was not too crowded with other visitors there the day we visited.
Entering Arches National Park, thank you Mike Carpenter for sharing your video. </span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5wb1G4cWcYbOyDz3LUnKk3NUbNIx2SH_XOTv4w3Q2iX6464TZtZWKYnWDwFWQSZNB4jGG5xsOrvDcrO0MYU0USVrZsyy3XA9ex1inh6BPr7I_gT6Ctqm1_Ywt0967OPtfVItLkB0naLaNj-XRkGDDawu1Rvjv3lZRP0Puft4Z3jDzGfY8Fe8saAII" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2323" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5wb1G4cWcYbOyDz3LUnKk3NUbNIx2SH_XOTv4w3Q2iX6464TZtZWKYnWDwFWQSZNB4jGG5xsOrvDcrO0MYU0USVrZsyy3XA9ex1inh6BPr7I_gT6Ctqm1_Ywt0967OPtfVItLkB0naLaNj-XRkGDDawu1Rvjv3lZRP0Puft4Z3jDzGfY8Fe8saAII" /></a></span> <br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jgi7fmKT0r4" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe> </span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;">Sand Dune Arch</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"> <iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/87Bidy0yXV4" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe> </span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;">La Sal Mountain,
Fiery Furnace,
Delicate Arch
Park Avenue Trailhead, and
Balanced Rock.</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;">Petrified Forest, do yourself a favor and <a href="https://www.nps.gov/pefo/learn/upload/Trip-Planner-Accessibility-small2020-2.pdf" target="_blank">check out the map</a> before you go into the Petrified Forest. We did not do that and we were very sorry. </span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1xpsywuoJvUnxiNG64b7nr1wJVzLdSdV5&usp=sharing" target="_blank">I mapped out where I collected sand</a> the the route we took on our road trip. I am starting to put it all in vials. Will take photos later.<br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;">Sand locations:</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 165, Placitas NM</b>- fine, side of road, reddish, brown</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 165, Placitas NM- </b>fine, side of road, yellowish, brown </span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Tiponi Point, Pertrified National Park, NM - </b>fine with white flakes, dark red</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Crystal Forest, Pertrified National Park, NM</b> <b> <br /></b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Giant Logs, Rainforest Museum, Pertrified National Park, NM - </b>fine, dark brown grey <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 89, Near Cameron, AZ</b> </span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 89, Near Navaho Nation, Cameron, AZ</b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 89, Navaho Nation, outside Cameron, AZ</b> - side of hwy, light yellow beige <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 89, Navaho Nation, Tuba City Unified District, AZ</b> - fine, off road, dark red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 160, Red Bluffs, Kayenta, AZ </b><b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 163, Monument Valley, AZ - v</b>ery fine, road side, dark red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 163, Monument Valley, AZ</b> - very fine, road side, dark red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 163, PhotoPoint, Monument Valley, AZ</b> - road side, dark red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 2161, Mexican Hat Rock, AZ - </b>fine, road side, dark red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 191, Twin Rocks, Bluff, AZ</b> <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Arches Scenic Dr., National Arches Entrance, AZ</b> - fine, road side, very light beige <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Park Avenue Trailhead, National Arches Park, AZ</b> <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>La Sal, National Arches Park, AZ - </b>very fine La Sal viewing very dark red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Balance Rock, National Arches Park, AZ - </b>fine viewing area light orange <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Delicate Arch, National Arches Park, AZ - </b>fine viewing area #1 light brown <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Delicate Arch, National Arches Park, AZ</b> - course viewing area #1 light brown with blue copper rocks <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Fiery Furnace, National Arches Park, AZ - </b>fine viewing area med red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Sand Dune Arch, National Arches Park, AZ</b> - very fine, inside arch med red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 191, near the entrance National Arches Park, AZ - </b>fine, road side, dark red <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 191</b>, greenish color by the blue mountains - fine, road side, greenish <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 191, leaving Moab</b> - fine copper mine ridge bluish green</span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrYbw5wTF1Q-Ei4w6M6mJX7GnoZKXrYfQfoRRFSY3ADUPgIgw_NWfqKiEa_4S4zEQXIxuwS9ABdfhEm_7OQvJ8Y0tsZ6SU9v1TUy3XT7wjgOs3aDXJRISw0vsDS9u44WkZTwiqTqHW-EpGfZH7TMC6FMH8RKoTIShsCDtznhFmVoIkkwmyF-BwprEh=s1008" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="1008" height="506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrYbw5wTF1Q-Ei4w6M6mJX7GnoZKXrYfQfoRRFSY3ADUPgIgw_NWfqKiEa_4S4zEQXIxuwS9ABdfhEm_7OQvJ8Y0tsZ6SU9v1TUy3XT7wjgOs3aDXJRISw0vsDS9u44WkZTwiqTqHW-EpGfZH7TMC6FMH8RKoTIShsCDtznhFmVoIkkwmyF-BwprEh=w640-h506" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 6, Tie Fork Rest Area, Utah - </b>fine, rest area, dark grey <b> </b></span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><b>Hwy 191, Gateway Hotel, Moab Utab</b> - fine, road side, light tan. </span></p><p><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;">Finally got around to cleaning, sifting and getting my sand into vials. One from <a href="https://alaska.guide/river/savage-river" target="_blank">Savage River, Denali National Park</a> from Faith, two from <a href="https://littlesomethings.blogspot.com/search?q=idaho" target="_blank">Idaho</a>, <a href="https://triangleccabins.com/blog/alturas-lake/">Alturus Lake</a> and <a href="https://redfishlake.com/" target="_blank">Redfish Lake</a>
</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"> Finally finished my vacation map </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: times new roman;"><iframe height="480" src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1xpsywuoJvUnxiNG64b7nr1wJVzLdSdV5&ehbc=2E312F" width="640"></iframe></span></div><p></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-56843484390814156792022-01-12T19:23:00.000-08:002022-01-12T19:23:30.413-08:00Blue-Green depost<p>My husband and I recently took a road trip and drove through Moab, Utah and Arches National Park. I kept seeing this blue-green dirt on the mountain side and was totally intriqued and wanted some of it for my collection. I did finally find a place to gather a little bit for collection. I finally got all of my samples logged in and numbered, hopefully, I will get them in vials soon. </p><p>"It's the Morrison Formation! It's silty and muddy rock with some sandstones deposited in a river floodplain environment. The green stuff is iron deposited in an anoxic (underwater) environment, while the red is oxidized iron. The formation is also full of uranium. When you're driving around in southern Utah and see these green/red/white/purple sequences, it's usually either the Morrison Formation or the Petrified Forest member of the Chinle Formation."
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg79imVhivL35oihXoAHrwCqSmNjfLTACHcuyJ-k6-7bwyh1K_Nr4nLk0Ihfjh-Lg_EOoRdpBZXd0QYMivlzDrIbhs5JS4uYX1UlqcueVz90-N2zZl5U0OvG5P1HLctkL4kSY9ZZb1Lleu4EZ2BHs0dqu2D5mR_tqdpGf7PlMDN_qaRfA6qmL-WCgqn=s2630" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1660" data-original-width="2630" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg79imVhivL35oihXoAHrwCqSmNjfLTACHcuyJ-k6-7bwyh1K_Nr4nLk0Ihfjh-Lg_EOoRdpBZXd0QYMivlzDrIbhs5JS4uYX1UlqcueVz90-N2zZl5U0OvG5P1HLctkL4kSY9ZZb1Lleu4EZ2BHs0dqu2D5mR_tqdpGf7PlMDN_qaRfA6qmL-WCgqn=s600" width="600" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuqIiaptWgU_NuTCZIgZptzHA8U6MXyl0kaLqqnGg6F-n1A3_9buqWioKnDvRHTMJqfPd0NDakYIQ4lYLgZIUOBIh_WdlfzJUqEAjvLZ9RxjGg-oftxMSl2Cuxg2BpIGnGR9ZY8FQTjB3G0d2xPmCOEnD29jfDlr8E_gSjEGhqDLixptrWcqwLZzcS=s2572" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1874" data-original-width="2572" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuqIiaptWgU_NuTCZIgZptzHA8U6MXyl0kaLqqnGg6F-n1A3_9buqWioKnDvRHTMJqfPd0NDakYIQ4lYLgZIUOBIh_WdlfzJUqEAjvLZ9RxjGg-oftxMSl2Cuxg2BpIGnGR9ZY8FQTjB3G0d2xPmCOEnD29jfDlr8E_gSjEGhqDLixptrWcqwLZzcS=s600" width="600" /></a></div>
Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-12784776640353748402021-08-28T16:26:00.002-07:002021-08-28T16:28:46.212-07:00Sand projectI found this sand project on Behance by <a href="https://www.behance.net/gallery/108180605/Sand-from-all-over-the-world" target="_blank">Silvia Becker</a> and I love the images!
"Sand is one of the most important raw materials in the world.
It seems familiar and everyday.
But no two sands are alike.
Only when you look at it through a microscope do you discover all its beauty and how different it can be in its components.<br />
The pictures are from my <a href="http://www.calvendo.com//index.cfm?rw=true&detail=abenteuer-mikrofotografie-sand&rw=true&id=galerie&s=Silvia%2520Becker&type=0&format=0&lang=1&kdgrp=0&cat=0" target="_blank">calendar project for the year 2021</a>.
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWR8h5Crx-1RgTIMeXPjq-2dFXENzktz9Q0eKSbIZeoDei0WcdZGt4oP2OZ4dATu3DOcujwqYQUQuB8G9ly9IAl0noBA9AtMHFwdLtaBzauhM6iXeq1rQvQ4OF4ZHNbaOfg_wOgDV-G8/s0/sand.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2533" data-original-width="650" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWR8h5Crx-1RgTIMeXPjq-2dFXENzktz9Q0eKSbIZeoDei0WcdZGt4oP2OZ4dATu3DOcujwqYQUQuB8G9ly9IAl0noBA9AtMHFwdLtaBzauhM6iXeq1rQvQ4OF4ZHNbaOfg_wOgDV-G8/s0/sand.jpg"/></a></div>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-27266662482399289652021-06-11T14:34:00.005-07:002022-02-20T13:53:33.317-08:00How to Become a Sand Collector<p>This is directly from the <a href="https://sandcollectors.org/the-hobby/" target="_blank">INTERNATIONAL SAND COLLECTORS SOCIETY</a> website </p><p>Anyone can become a sand collector. Children to seniors, even people with disabilities have enjoyed this pastime for many years. There is however, one important factor in becoming a psammophile and that is the ability to observe and wonder. This is key. One must learn how to look closely at not only sand but of the surrounding area in which one is collecting. Whether a beach, lake, river, desert, etc., the surrounding area will tell you much about the sand beneath your feet and how it got there. </p><p>One of the myths about sand collecting is that once you have collected a sample from a given area, there is no need to look further as all sand will be exactly the same – not true.</p><p>Often one will discover that sand can be quite different sample to sample within just a few yards or even feet of each other, so it is very important to observe and wonder.</p><p>Some of the equipment one will need:</p><p>Plastic baggies, film containers or nearly anything that is damp proof, easy to carry, and inexpensive. One should keep a supply of these containers in one’s car, luggage, tote bag, etc., while traveling, camping, or hiking. One never knows when one will come across an interesting sand sample. The size of your sample bag or
container will depend if you wish to collect only for yourself or if you might wish to exchange your samples with others. One should also have handy a permanent marker or some other writing instrument to record its location on the bag, container or note pad. Never assume you will remember where your gathered sample is from, especially if you are planning on collecting more than one sample.</p><p>A spoon will be useful in digging sand particularly if the ground is hard packed or frozen. Though plastic spoons will work, and especially recommended if traveling by air, they do tend to break.</p><p>A magnifying, hand held hand-lens or eye-loop is also wise to carry and one can see their sample close-up for differences within samples from the same locale. Those items are about all one needs in the field to collect sand.</p><p>Once home, your samples should be logged into a logbook, file card system, computer, etc. Try noting as much information you can about the location that sample comes from, e.g. date collected, state, town, park, river, beach, etc. Try to be as specific as you can as to where on the beach you gathered your sample, low tide mark,high tide mark, upper beach area, left of pier, etc. If you have taken more than one sample from the same place, mark it as such (variety #1, variety #2, etc.). Record as
much information about that sample’s origins as possible. It will be important. </p><p>After logging in your data, you will want to contain your sample, either in a smaller baggie, bottle, jar, etc. The container you display your sample in will be of your choosing but one should keep a few things in mind. If having to purchase this container, what costs are you willing to bear? Be aware, a sand collection can grow
quite rapidly, so weight, expense, and the amount of storage or display room you have should be a consideration at the onset.
Once a container has been selected, you may wish to attach an outside display label for others to read. One can also add a paper label within the samples itself in the event the outer label falls off; however, before ever adding paper into a sand sample, that sample must be perfectly dry for the slightest moisture will penetrate the
paper and make it unreadable in little time. One can make sure a sample is dry by airing it out on several layers of old newspapers or in an oven.</p><p>Other items one might wish to make or purchase are:</p><p>A sieve with a grid size no larger than 2 mm</p><p>At least one good road atlas and a world atlas to track down where samples come from and their correct spellings </p><p>A funnel for pouring sand from your gathering bags into your display containers</p><p>Again a hand-lens or eye-loop (10x is fine)</p><p>And a microscope (again10x-20x is good)
Other items might include a magnet to test for magnetite in a sample and white household vinegarfor testing for carbonate sands.
I cannot stress the point strong enough. Begin with a good record keeping system, record everything, people who donated samples to your collection, those people you have made trades with and what samples you exchanged with them, etc. Also, your display containers will generally be your biggest expense. Find a container that will fit your needs and finances, and be sure these containers will be available whenever you need to purchase them. Consider their size and weight with sand within. Many beginning collectors either do not realize these considerations early or choose to ignore this advice and then start to rethink their situation some years later. It is time consuming and expensive to change one’s mind afterwards. Do it right at the beginning. That is about all one truly needs to become a full-fledged sand collector and with that, one can indeed discover the world, grain by grain.</p><p>Important Note: One should be mindful about the area in which they are
exploring and if that area is privately owned. Also, there are areas on
federal, state, and city/town lands that restrict people from collecting
items. Be aware of where you are and if you may take sand from that
area. </p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-17803150844510332792021-06-11T14:32:00.000-07:002021-06-11T14:32:01.091-07:00DIY Sand Collecting KitsWendy O'Neal gives some handy tips for <a href="https://www.aroundmyfamilytable.com/diy-sand-collecting-kits/" target="_blank">DIY Sand Collecting Kits</a>. Very cool for kids to start this when they are young, just think what a collection they will have later in life.Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-35278531537342832082020-10-09T10:52:00.002-07:002020-10-09T10:52:10.844-07:00A microscopic look at why the world is running out of sand<p>Humans are using more sand than the Earth is naturally producing, and that’s a problem for the global construction industry. But it turns out that the usefulness of sand depends on the science of each tiny little grain. We went on a sand scavenger hunt to collect some samples, look at them under a microscope, and try to figure out why sand scarcity is such a problem. </p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V2349cn0-T0" width="560"></iframe></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-13299743358998841742020-10-09T09:12:00.002-07:002020-10-09T09:12:14.543-07:00The Amazing Life of Sand | Deep Look<p>There's a story in every grain of sand: tales of life and death, fire and water. If you scooped up a handful of sand from every beach, you'd have a history of the world sifting through your fingers </p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VkrQ9QuKprE" width="560"></iframe></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-40468307039753359922020-10-08T21:02:00.002-07:002020-10-08T21:02:21.150-07:00The Sand Lab<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4DQLNuwtq3U" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-40459444673917449762020-10-08T20:57:00.003-07:002020-10-08T20:57:39.165-07:00Sand!<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8wlRV6EBQgU" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-65876554430076458572020-10-08T20:45:00.002-07:002020-10-08T21:09:35.445-07:00Tonny Brinkman: Sand Collector<p>Sand collector Tonny Brinkman has generously donated 3500 sands to Auckland Museum - and her decades of collecting show that you can explore the world without going far from home. As the motto of International Sand Collectors Society says: <a href="https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/collections/topics/tonny-brinkman-sand-collector" target="_blank">'Discovering the World, Grain by Grain'</a>. </p><p><img alt="Tonny with one of her many catalogues" id="ctl00_ctl00_cphMain_cphChildColumnMiddle_MainContentArea_widget2_ctl00_imgImage" src="https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/getmedia/494cabc8-12cb-40e0-9f69-a722e3027ae5/tonny-with-book-sands-700px.jpg?ext=.jpg&width=950" /> <br /></p><p>Tonny (Antonia) Brinkman was born in The Netherlands in 1924, came to New Zealand in 1963, and today lives in Henderson. She began collecting in 1977 and by collecting and swapping with others has a huge collection of not just sand, but also rocks and minerals. With the latter she won many prizes at rock and mineral shows. These are now disbursed to family, the Matakohe Kauri Museum, and some are in Auckland Museum’s Brinkman Collection.
Tonny clearly derived a lot of pleasure and gained great knowledge of other places by swapping with people from all over the world, learning about where the sand came from and why. Without the advantage of the internet it was mostly done via the postal system and use of the library. Some of the overseas collectors sent detailed maps and diagrams of exactly when and where the sand was collected. Unlike many collectors Tonny meticulously noted and recorded details of each sample which are labelled accordingly. This is what makes the Brinkman Collection scientifically valuable. Phew, so much work! </p><p>Thanks to the generous donation of Tonny, the Museum now has a huge collection of sands (over 3500) from Antarctica to Norway and from New Zealand to Australia, Africa and South America.
<b> </b></p><p><b>Sentiments for sediments
</b>
People who love sand are called arenophiles, from the Latin arena for sand or sandy area, such as the floor of the Colosseum in Rome (hence our use of the word today for sports facilities). A geologist who studies arenaceous sediment is called a sedimentologist.
What is sand? </p><p>To a geologist or sedimentologist sand is particulate material ranging in size from 0.063 to 2 millimetres in size. It can be derived from the weathering and erosion of any rock (igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary), or it could be a volcanic ash, or be derived from the breakdown of marine organisms (e.g. Coromandel beach shell sand), or is produced by microscopic animals and plants such as foraminifera (e.g. tropical beaches), or diatoms (e.g. fresh water lakes), or be chemical 'precipitates' (e.g. tropical oolites). </p><p> Natural processes will sort and concentrate sand-sized particles by size, density and durability giving rise to some unique and beautiful sands. For example the green olivine-rich sands of Hawaii, red garnet-rich sands of Southland, black magnetic iron oxide-rich sands along the West Coast of New Zealand or the golden quartz-rich desert sands of uniform grain size sorted by the wind in arid climates. Tonny's collection includes examples of all of these from a huge range of environments (deserts, beaches, rivers, lakes, volcanoes, submarine environments and human processing of materials). Probably the only place she doesn't have sand from is other parts of the solar system or the Universe!
<b> </b></p><p><b>Why is the collection important?
</b>
The aesthetic beauty of the sands aside, Tonny's collection has great untapped research potential. Firstly they are an archive of what a given area used to be like and can be used to document change or impacts. Those who study sedimentary rocks would find them useful palaeoenvironmental indicators since 'the present is a key to the past'. For example a sandstone may have an unusual grain-size distribution or mineralogy that can be matched to one of Tonny's samples. So the modern sand and its data could be used as an analogue to tell us what the environment was like when the ancient sediments were being deposited millions of years ago. </p><p> The samples could even be used forensically. Sand can stick to tyres and be found inside vehicles, footwear or clothing. Despite denials, matching the suspect sediment to Tonny's sand library might well tell us where someone had been recently - literally anywhere in the world. A similar technique was used to help convict some of the French agents responsible for the Rainbow Warrior bombing in 1985. </p><p>At the very least, just holding a container of sand from an exotic place and using your imagination can transport you there.
</p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4893621835454557610.post-46987279953203233452020-10-08T20:37:00.000-07:002020-10-08T20:37:50.542-07:00Secret Confessions of A Sand Collector<p><a href="https://blog.nature.org/science/2018/11/28/secret-confessions-of-a-sand-collector/" target="_blank">Secret Confessions of A Sand Collector</a> by Justine E. Hausheer.</p><p>
<b>Sand Collecting 101 </b></p><p>Admit it, you’re at least mildly curious now. </p><p>So where does a new sand collector start? </p><p><b>Know the rules:</b> Do your research ahead of time and understand where you are allowed to collect samples. Regulations vary depending on location, and you might have to do some digging (pun intended) to determine if collecting is allowed or seek permission from a landowner.
If you’re collecting overseas and transporting samples across international borders, it’s also worth checking the customs regulations. Sand and rocks are inorganic materials, so theoretically they shouldn’t be a biosecurity hazard. But good luck trying to explain that to a cranky TSA agent… trust me, it doesn’t work. (Most of my own collection is now stored in a closet in my childhood home, as I couldn’t legally import them into Australia.) </p><p><b>Don’t disturb the local ecosystem:</b> Much of this is common sense, but it bears repeating: Only take a small amount of sand — you don’t need a bucket’s worth. Don’t dig large holes, step on plants, dig up animal burrows, or wander off the trail onto fragile soils. </p><p><b>Keep your eyes open:</b> Sands of different textures, colors and composition can often be found quite close to one another. Sometimes it can be hard to see these differences in situ, depending on the lighting. When in doubt, take a sample.</p><p><b>Bring your collecting kit:</b> You don’t need much to collect your own sand samples. I carry a handful of small ziplock bags, each marked with a number (1, 2, 3…). When I collect a sample I jot down the bag number and details about the location in my phone. For those who like a little more specificity, you can record a GPS coordinate instead.
You can also simply mark that information on the bags as you go, but I prefer to rinse and reuse my bags a few times to cut down on my plastic consumption. In a pinch, a waterbottle is always handy, even if it means finishing your hike a bit thirsty.
And if you’re collecting wet sand, take a little bit more than you think you’ll need, as the sand will reduce in volume as it dries.
<b> </b></p><p><b>Decide how you will document and display:</b> Options abound when it comes to storing your collection. Some collectors maximize their space by storing samples in identical containers, often with custom storage racks or drawers. (You can find hundreds of options from wholesale container and lab supply stores.) Others opt for a more artistic look, using a variety of glass bottles of different sizes and shapes.
I used to prefer small, glass apothecary bottles sourced from thrift shops and antique markets. But I’m eyeing a to transition to the uniform, bulk-order bottle approach very soon, as my collection grows and becomes more difficult to store and transport during moves.
Whatever containers you choose, make sure your sand is dry before you store it. I dry mine on a cookie sheet in the sun (or the oven) and then filter it through a kitchen sieve to remove any bits of organic material, like, seeds, grass, etc. Then I use a funnel to decant the final sample into a bottle.
<b> </b></p><p><b>Label, label, LABEL:</b> I can’t stress this enough… label your sand! Small craft tags, basic white printer labels, sharpies — use whatever you like, as long as you can keep track of where and when you collected the sand in each bottle. Serious collectors will often photograph and log each sample in a digital database or spreadsheet.
<b> </b></p><p><b>Embrace your inner substrate nerd:</b> And perhaps most important of all — stay curious. Turn the next corner, get your hands dirty, and enjoy an oft-overlooked geological wonder. </p>Kim Carneyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02835737810295355817noreply@blogger.com